BÍL Michal:
Using GIS to detect neotectonics in the Vsetínské vrchy Mountains and in their surroundings. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 108, 2, pp. 101 – 114 (2003). – This paper discusses the advantages of GIS and numerical analysis in neotectonic studies. An accurate DEM is important for numerous geomorphic and hydrologic applications, particularly over large areas. The method is illustrated on the DEM of the Vsetínské vrchy Mountains, a 367 square km large area in the east of the Czech Republic. Comparing geological maps with large-scale morphometry shows a relationship between the rock resistance and topography. On average, higher mean elevations and steep slopes correlate well with regions of hard bedrock geology. The results together with new geological and geophysical findings show that the evolution of this part of the Outer Western Carpathian topography was proceeding continually. There is no reason to assume the presence of any periods of tectonic standstill here. The topographic relief probably has experienced the state of dynamic equilibrium.
Key words: GIS – digital elevation model – morphology – geomorphometric techniques – neotectonics – flysch – Vsetínské vrchy Mountains.
ČEKAL Jiří:
Migration of Southern Bohemia population during the period 1992 – 1998. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 108, 1, pp. 61 – 75 (2003). – The paper deals with regional and structural analysis of internal migration of the population in southern Bohemia between 1992-1998 in relation to the developments in the whole Czech Republic. As southern Bohemia, we understand the area of the contemporary Southern Bohemia Region. When evaluating migration in the given area, we used some basic indicators of demographic statistics, such as number of immigrants, number of emigrants, migration turn-over and net migration. The analysis also includes identification of main migration flows, the issue of migration motivation and an evaluation of the impact of migration on some structural characteristics of population, such as sex, age and educational structure.
KEY WORDS: internal migration – southern Bohemia – the 1990´s.
DANIELOVÁ Kateřina:
Racism and xenophobia in the Czech Republic. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 108, 1, pp. 115 – 129 (2003). – The aim of this article is to describe and to explain racism and xenophobia in the Czech Republic. The paper is based on some contemporary theories which explain racism and xenophobia as a consequence of a bad economic situation, of an increasing inflow of immigrants, of cultural differences between the majority and the immigrants coming from a different social environment, of modernization, urbanization and globalization which make people feel unsure and weak what leads them finally to intolerance towards the others. Some authors explain racism and xenophobia as an effort to safeguard the existing hierarchy in the society in view to justify the exploitation of immigrants. To describe and to explain racism and xenophobia, I analysed data describing prejudice, racially motivated crime and support of extremist movements by the czech population. I found that the current level of racism in the Czech Republic is not very high but that the Czech population is rather xenophobic. Racism and xenophobia are mainly influenced by the social climate of the locality and by the cultural distance between minorities and the majority.
Key words: immigration – ethnic minorities – prejudice – racism – xenophobia.
DRAHOŠOVÁ Alena:
Tourism in the Jeseníky region and the Javorník promontory. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 108, 4, pp. 289–303 (2003). – The contribution evaluates the development of tourism in the Jeseníky region and the Javorník promontory. Attention is paid to the methodology, which is based on already existing procedures. Approaches to the evaluation of tourism and used data sources are discussed and compared with the real state. In addition to the analysis of particular types of tourism existing in the region, the article makes comparison and indicates influences and relations among these types.
Key words: tourism – recreation – type of tourism – second housing – commercial forms of tourism – health resorts – recreational facility.
HAMPL Martin:
Differentiation and turns in regional development of Karlovy Vary region: A unique case or a general regional pattern? – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 108, 3, pp. 173–190 (2003). – The paper provides an empirical analysis of the long-term regional development process in a specific region of the Czech Republic. It also searches for a general pattern of the regional organisation of society. Particular emphasis is given to processes of concentration and hierarchisation of centres and regions during the industrial period. The analysis shows that after the Second World War three dramatic turns in the development of the region had negative impacts on social quality of the region and still appear to have on current post-industrial tendencies in the economic development. Finally, the paper examines complementary relationship between general and specific levels of regional analysis and assessment.
KEY WORDS: regional development – settlement hierarchy – general and specific – regional organisation of society.
CHORVÁT Tomáš:
Housing development in Banská Bystrica and its surroundings in the 1990´s. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 108, 3, pp. 202–215. – The paper deals with the development and trends in housing development in the town of Banská Bystrica and its surroundings in the last decade of the 20th century, which was the first decade of its post-socialist transformation. At first, the study discusses general sources and conditions of building and housing development in post-socialist cities in the Slovak Republic. The paper is centred on analyses and comparisons of the development of housing in family houses and blocks of flats, on their spatial distribution and on the background of their construction. The author clarifies also causal relationships connected with new tendencies and behaviour patterns of subjects of housing development (individuals, building companies, developers) in the region of Banská Bystrica.
Key words: housing development – physical spatial structure – post-socialist city – post-socialist transformation – Banská Bystrica.
KOLEJKA Jaromír:
Geoecological aspects of flood damages mitigation. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 108, 1, pp. 1 – 13 (2003). – The flood damages caused recently in the Czech Republic require additional measures both on rivers and in catchment areas. Cities and towns are especially interested in the protection because of their high vulnerability. Ecological (land use) and technical (reservoirs) measures are being planned in catchments to keep water in the landscape safe. The flood plain segmentation into sectors with different protective values and move of technical measures from rivers close to valuable objects and areas represent the vision of flood control downstream the rivers.
Key words: protection measures – catchment – floodplain.
KŘÍŽ Vladislav:
Changes and Particularities of Water Condition of the Ostravice River. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 108, 1, pp. 36 – 48 (2003). – Last year, urbanization and industrialization processes in the Ostrava region urgently brought in the necessity to build waterworks in the catchment area of the Ostravice River. From the head of the catchment downward, significant changes of dam streams occur; downstream, the influence of the industrial area also plays its role. At present, the daily, monthly and yearly flows are changing within the frame of flow regime control. The dam runoff control transfers a certain part of the runoff into the technological water circuit, which overpowered the natural rhythm of the daily flow in the snow melt period and changed the occurrence and duration of low-regime periods and floods. The impact on the temperature and ice conditions of the stream is effective in sections of dozens of kilometres long. Apart from the impact of dams, the lower course of the Ostravice is also affected by tempered effluent water. The extent of the hydrological regime changes alters the ecological characteristics of the river.
KEY WORDS: Ostravice River – changes in the hydrological regime – discharge – water balance – temperature of water – ice conditions – suspended load – ecological character.
KŘÍŽEK Marek:
Characteristic features of frost-riven cliffs: comparison of active frost-riven cliffs in the world and (non-active) frost-riven cliffs in the Rusavská hornatina (Mts.). – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 108, 4, pp. 261–276 (2003). – The author describes frost-riven cliffs, their occurrence, origin and development in different part of the world. He also focuses on periglacial processes (e.g. gelivation, cryoplanation) in the Pleistocene, which formed these landforms, and on processes of humid character in the Holocene, which influence and reform these frost-riven cliffs. The author compares frost-riven cliffs in the Rusavská hornatina (Mts.) (Moravian Carpathians) and frost-riven cliffs in other places of the world. He explains the difference between active frost-riven cliffs and „passive“ frost-riven cliffs.
KEY WORDS: frost-riven cliff – periglacial conditions – cryoplanation terrace – the Rusavská hornatina (Mts.).
MARADA Miroslav:
Transport infrastructure of centres in the Czech borderland. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 108, 2, pp. 130 – 145 (2003). – The article deals with the regional differentiation of Czechia at several levels: between inland and borderland, between the urbanized and the rural border regions and finally among nine individual border regions. The following characteristics are used for evaluation: mainly the aggregate and the relativized transport characteristics (quality and density of the railway and the road network; the rate of motorcars and then the selected „causal“ characteristics (population density, education index, economic level). Their interdependence is assessed with the help of correlation analysis. The inland – borderland differences are in the specific Czech conditions limited also from the viewpoint of the monitored transport characteristics – substantial differences are found within the Czech borderland, above all between the urbanized and the rural border regions. Another type of evaluation in this article is the research into the hierarchization of 170 centres from the point of view of their transport and complex significance. The transport hierarchy of centres is markedly more developed in the inland than in the borderland.
KEY WORDS: border region – regional differentiation – density of transport network – rate of motorcars – transport and complex hierarchy.
MIGOŃ Piotr:
Geomorphological evolution of the Polish part of the Sudetes – a review of results of recent research. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 108, 3, pp. 191-201 (2003). – This paper presents results of selected geomorphological studies published originally in Poland in the last decade and attempts to show the extent to which they complement or diverge from research carried out in the Czechia. It focuses on long-term landform evolution, the role of planation and differential tectonics, glacial and periglacial processes and identifies the scope for joint research efforts, which ultimately may lead towards a comprehensive, synthetic view of geomorphic evolution of the whole mountain range.
Key words: geomorphology – planation surfaces – tectonic landforms – glaciation – periglacial – Sudetes.
MICHÁLEK Alois:
Geography – terra incognita? – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 108, 1, pp. 76 – 91 (2003). – The article deals with geography at school, especially with geography taught at commercial secondary schools. It critically analyses the contemporary conception of geography curricula at this type of school and offers a rather different view of teaching geography in a way attempting to show goals, which are common in many countries. The Czech curricula still contain a lot of empirical knowledge. The article emphasizes active learning of geographical problems in a way developing critical thinking and an education to values enabling to live in the globalized world.
KEY WORDS: geographical literacy – geographical knowledge – geographical abilities – study unit – study program – reformation of geographical education.
NOVOTNÝ Josef:
Socio-geographical differentiation of the contemporary world. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 108, 1, pp. 14 – 35 (2003). – The paper refers to certain aspects of the geographical organization of society. Stress is given particularly to an assessment of socio-economic differentiation at the global scale. It means both evaluation of the structure of inequalities as well as of their developmental tendencies. The spatial distribution of population(s) as well as the distribution of the economic product (both within the world population and also among world region’s populations) is the main object of the assessment.
KEY WORDS: world – inequality – distribution – economics – population.
NÝVLT Daniel, MIXA, Petr:
Palaeogeographical development of the Antarctic Peninsula during the late Cainozoic. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 108, 4, pp. 245–260 (2003). – A geological research programme has been prepared as part of the activities of the Czech Republic to become a full member of the Antarctic Treaty Parties. In this paper, we review the present knowledge of the geological history of the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) and surrounding areas during the late Cainozoic. Particular attention is paid to James Ross Island, the site of the planned Czech Antarctic base. Glacial sediments older than Late Pleistocene are poorly preserved in and around the AP. The West Antarctic ice sheet is thought to have decayed during the last interglacial (OIS 5e), leaving only local centres of glaciation. Palaeogeographic development since the local Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ~20-13.2 ka BP) can be reconstructed with a reasonable degree of confidence. Ice shelves surrounding the AP reached the outer margin of the continental shelf during the LGM. Marine sedimentation replaced till deposition on the outer and middle shelf 11 ka BP, but the inner shelf was not deglaciated before 6 ka BP. Continental glaciers receded mainly during the early Holocene, 9–5 ka BP. Glacier re-advance took place on the AP and adjoining continent at ~5 ka BP, but was interrupted by the climatic warming which led to the Holocene climate optimum 4.2–3.0 ka ago. In view of the numerous disintegrations of AP ice shelves during the course of the Holocene, the present decay of some shelves does not represent an unusual event.
Key words: quaternary palaeogeography – glaciation – West Antarctic ice sheet – Atlantic Peninsula, James Ross Island.
ŘEZNÍKOVÁ Dana:
Geographic skills, their specifications and categorization. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 108, 2, pp. 146 – 163 (2003). – A large reform of educational system has been in course these last years in the Czech Republic. New pedagogical documents are being prepared to help to carry out changes in the general education in the context of the national strategy approved by the Government (White Book 2001). Pedagogical documents are formulated in a relatively general way, so that their effective usage is, among others, influenced by a uniform interpretation of key terms. They include geographic skills, the content of which is the theme of this paper. This term was defined on the basis of a comparison of different approaches. Individual geographic skills were then specified in detail and categorized in view to evaluate the performance of students within the general educational system. Two alternative proposals how to classify geographic skills were presented; they document, among others, a narrow interdependence between the way of classification and the selection of instruments to verify and to evaluate geographic skills.
KEY WORDS: geographic education – reform of educational system – geographic skills, their specification and categorization – evaluation.
SIWEK Tadeusz:
Virtual space in geography. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 108, 3, pp. 227-233 (2003). – Modern people more and more frequently experience imaginary virtual space. Thanks to computers we can not only imagine it now. Virtual world is obviously a topic of fantasy literature but can it be a topic of serious scientific research, too? Yes, it can. Simulations, prognoses and models are undoubtedly scientific tools but they do not represent the real world. One kind of virtual construction is a counterfactual one. It is an alternative simulation of reality. The historical fact is the one that has realized out of many possibilities. One fact even less probable than the others becomes a historic event and it is the only one that is worthy to be a topic of scientific analysis. Many historians are historian determinists – they write about historical events as they have happened. Virtual constructions can be used in advertisement, propaganda, teaching and science (including geography) as well. Several current positions of historical literature evidence that counterfactual analyses are very popular (see examples in the list of literature). Some counterfactual attitudes have been used in teaching at the Ostrava University since 2002. They are: alternative scenarios of development of America in seminars in regional geography and exercises of alternative perception of the problem of Teschen Silesia divided in 1920 between Poland and Czechoslovakia. They are still more topics for virtual or counterfactual analysis in the field of Czech geography, predominantly historical and political geography.
Key words: virtual – real – counterfactual – historical geography – political geography.
SPILKOVÁ Jana:
Shopping centre – a new phenomenon and developing consumer behaviour in the transformation period. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 108, 4, pp. 277–288 (2003). – This article deals with the question of large-scale retail concepts and in particular with the phenomenon of shopping centres. First, the issues of location and management of large shopping centres are discussed and basic problematical aspects of shopping centres are indicated. The situation of shopping centres and hypermarkets and their development in the Czech Republic are also shortly described. The second part of the article characterises emerging consumer behaviour and some ways of research into this question within this specific field of geography. Foreign experience and research methods concerning consumer behaviour are used in the study of the situation in the Czech Republic. A new model of developing shopping behaviour of customers in transforming economies is postulated. The model follows the basic perspective of social geography, i.e. the interaction between social processes and spatial structures.
KEY WORDS: shopping centre – hypermarkets – retail – consumer behaviour – transforming economies.
ŠTĚPANČÍKOVÁ Petra:
River Terraces at the lower course of the Sázava River from Vrabčí Brod to Kamenný Přívoz. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 108, 3, pp. 216–226. – A detailed geomorphological analysis of terraces within this part of the valley is submitted in the article. Only denudated relics of these terraces occur in the studied section of the valley. Comparison to the terrace system of the Vltava River was exerted for the arrangement of the Sázava terraces into the stratigraphical chronology. The terraces of the groups IIIA (Günz 2) up to VII (Würm) have been identified in the examined part of the Sázava valley.
KEY WORDS: geomorphology – river terraces – valley – Bohemian massif – Central Bohemian Hilly land.
VÍTEK Jan:
Recent landforms on the Cape Verde Islands relief. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 108, 1, pp. 49 – 60 (2003). – The article summarizes the results of studies on surface landforms existing in Cape Verde Islands, carried out at the beginning of 2002. Attention was focused especially at landforms originated by recent geological and geomorphological processes in six following islands: Sal, Santiago, Fogo, São Vicente, Santo Antão and São Nicolau. Basic features of the Cape Verdean relief came into existence mainly by volcanic activities and tectonic processes during the Mesozoic and the Cainozoic. The only active volcano is Pico Fogo (with its 2 829 meters the highest mountain of the whole archipelago) on Fogo Island. Holocene volcanic bodies also emerge separately in some other islands. The majority of recent relief forms resulted from exogenic processes like fluvial, littoral, aeolian, weathering and anthropogeneous processes, slope movements etc.
KEY WORDS: recent geomorphological processes – landforms – Cape Verde Islands.