DAŃHELKA Jan:
August 2002 Flood in the Czech Republic: Meteorological Causes and Hydrological Response. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 109, 2, pp. 84–92 (2004). – The paper describes synoptic situations that resulted in heavy precipitation over the SW Bohemia in August 2002. Spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation and its effect on the flood development is explained. Flood peak flows return period reached very high values in the Vltava River catchment and couldn’t be largely affected by reservoirs within the catchment. Nevertheless the role of Vltava River Dam Cascade is mentioned as well as the flood forecasting during the flood. We show also some similarities and differences between 2002 and some historical flood.
Key words: Flood – Vltava River – August 2002 – Czech Republic.
DE MARCHI Massimo:
Good practices for sustainable water and territorial management: experiences from Alps and transferability. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 109, 2, pp. 145–155 (2004). – The article deals with the application in Alpine area of Italy, Germany and Austria of one of the models to diffuse sustainable choices known as “good practice”. A pioneer survey about the application of good practices in water and territorial management is presented with the analysis of main results. Then the successful factors and the transferability of good practice are discussed. The article intends to represent an opportunity of exchanging experiences to implement sustainable decision making about water and territorial management.
KEY WORDS: water management – territorial management – Alps experience.
HAMPL Martin:
Current development of geographical organisation and changes in commuting to work and schools in the Czech Republic. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 109, 3, pp. 205–222 (2004)
The paper provides an empirical analysis of short-term regional development processes in the Czech Republic. A particular emphasis is given to the assessment of changes in regional organisation of commuting in 1991-2001. A strengthening of the impact of main regional centres is stressed, especially the macro-regional influence of Prague. The results of the empirical analysis support general claims pointing to the importance of qualitatively new forms of geographical development in the post-industrial era: a strengthening of controlling functions of the largest urban centres and a general increase in contacts in the national settlement system, on the one hand, and a decrease or termination of population growth of large cities, on the other hand.
KEY WORDS: geographical organisation of society – settlement and regional hierarchy – commuting to work and schools.
HARTLOVÁ Martina:
Evaluation of effectiveness and efficiency of regional policy programmes: Analysis of ex ante evaluations of programming documents. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 109, 1, pp. 36–52 (2004). – The paper focuses on evaluation of regional policy programmes in the European Union and in the Czech Republic as a tool for improving effectiveness and efficiency of the regional policy. The main methodological problems and conceptual questions are summarized as well as the current situation of evaluation practice in the EU. A special attention is also dedicated to the existing experience of the Czech Republic in this area, in particular in the ax ante evaluation. Finally, the paper presents several possible solutions for the future evaluation development that could result in the improvement of the regional policy in the Czech Republic.
Key words: regional development – regional policy – evaluation – structural funds – European Union.
HRADECKÝ Jan, PÁNEK Tomáš, BŘÍZOVÁ Eva:
Contribution to the geomorphology and the age of the selected slope deformations in the area of Slezské Beskydy Mts and Jablunkovská Brázda Furrow. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 109, 4, pp. 289 – 303 (2004). – The studied area of the Silesian Beskydy Mts and the Jablunkovská brázda Furrow is noted for a big concentration of slope deformations. The genesis and expansion of them are predisposed by structurally geologic conditions in the Silesian and Magura nappes. Radiocarbon 14C dating of selected slope deformations proved a close link between the rise of slope deformations and the humid phase of the Holocene and flood activity of rivers in the basin of the Upper Vistula River. Dated landslides fall into the period of the turn of the Late Glacial and the Holocene, Subboreal and Subatlantic.
KEY WORDS: slope deformations – Holocene – radiocarbon dating – pollen analyse – flysch Carpathians – Silesian and Magura Unit – Slezské Beskydy Mts. – Jablunkovská brázda Furrow.
HUDEČEK Tomáš:
Regional content in geography textbooks from the cartographic viewpoint. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 109, 1, pp. 53–64 (2003). – The article discusses further possibilities how to use GIS application in geography didactics. It describes an aid for assessment of regional geography textbooks – i.e. teaching map – and provides methodological analysis how to create such maps. It deals with the application of the method for sample assessment of selected textbooks. The analysis covers 12 teaching maps, which were created on the basis of 12 selected geography textbooks for primary and secondary school pupils. These books are being assessed by comparative analysis and a comment of their contents and suitability is added. The article also evaluates other possible uses of the method.
Key words: textbooks – cartographic assessment – GIS – teaching maps.
JANSKÝ Bohumír, ŠOBR Miroslav:
Genetic classification of lakes in the Czech Republic. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 109, 2, pp. 117–128 (2004). – The paper provides genetic classification of lakes in the Czech Republic. We separate lakes to two groups – natural and anthropogenic origin. The genetic classification is based on the classification of lakes according to the way of origination of the lake basin while the geomorphologic viewpoint prevails: glacial lakes, fluvial lakes, karst lakes, lakes dammed-up by landslides, organogenous lakes and anthropogenic lakes. As the anthropogenic lakes we may regard all the water bodies which originated as a consequence of the human activity – mining of mineral resources.
KEY WORDS: glacial lakes – fluvial lakes – karst lakes – lakes samec-up by landslide – organogenous lakes – anthropogenic lakes.
JÄRVET Arvo:
Influence of hydrological Conditions on the Ecological State of Shallow Lake Võrtsjärv. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 109, 2, pp. 129–144 (2004). – Lake Võrtsjärv as a very shallow (mean depth 2.8 m) water-body and considerable water level fluctuations cause changes in both the surface area and volume of the lake. Due to the shallowness of the lake, low level periods are accompanied by several phenomena detrimental to its ecosystem, like cyanophyte blooms, overgrowing with macrophytes, resuspension of phosphorous compounds, restricted spawning places for pike and winter fish kills. In the years of low water level the perspectives to catch in established fishing sites using particular gear as well as access to harbours are hindered. Causal relations between the water regime and ecological state of the lake Võrtsjärv have been discussed in this paper.
Key words: shallow lake – water regime – ice cover – ecological state – water management.
KABRDA Jan:
Influence of spatial exposedness on land use pattern in the Vysočina region. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 109, 3, pp. 223–235 (2004)
In this paper, I tried to analyse the influence of socio-economical spatial exposedness on current land use pattern in the Vysočina region, Czech Republic. The main aims were: (a) to statistically prove and then to explain the direction of this influence; and (b) to assess its significance in the context of effects of other factors (eg. average altitude, slope or average density of population) influencing the land use pattern. Two data sources were used: (1) land use (8 categories) data for 1,113 territorial units (average area ca 6 sq kms.) of the Vysočina region for the years 1845, 1948, 1990 and 2000. (2) GIS model of current exposedness, based on the proximity of each territorial unit to main centres of settlement and to traffic lines. Some of the results are general, nevertheless, they are also influenced, to a large extent, by the specifics of the Vysočina region.
Key words: land use – driving forces – spatial exposedness – Vysočina region – Czech Republic.
KROPÁČEK Jan:
Detekce a zvýraznění ploch stínů v družicových datech s vysokým prostorovým rozlišením. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 109, 4, pp. 304 – 313 (2004). – New high resolution satellite data (IKONOS, QuickBird, SPOT5 and Eros) enable mapping in more detailed scale. The size of shadows are not of the order of pixel size any more. Misclassification of shadows in the high resolution satellite image may lead to shift of border between classes even by 30 meters. Shadows were grouped into five groups according to the shadowed surface and the type of the elevated object. A spectral analysis of these groups has been conducted and a simple method for the detection of shaded areas have been proposed. This method utilizes map algebra. Shadows on vegetation and non-vegetation surfaces have been also distinguished. Three methods of image analysis to improve readebility of shaded areas have been proposed: logarithmic enhancement, local contrast enhancement and ternary map. Object hidden in the shadows in the original image are better recognizable in the ternary map.
Key words: remote sensing – high resolution satellite – shadows – map algebra – ternary diagram – ternary map.
KŘÍŽ Vladislav:
Accumulation of river run-off through water reservoirs in the upper part of the Odra River basin in the territory of the Czech Republic. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 109, 1, pp. 27–35 (2004). – In accordance with the present world trend, the hydrological research in Czechia has been recently aimed at anthropogenous changes of water regime in the landscape. Systematic research in this sense in the Odra River basin brings a relatively comprehensive view on the “anthropogenous hydrology” of this basin. Reservoirs of the Odra water management system have a significant transformation impact on the water regime of rivers. Especially their accumulation effect is the main subject of this paper.
Key Words: water regime – anthropogenous impacts – accumulation effect – Czechia – Odra River basin.
LANGHAMMER Jakub:
Water Quality changes in the Elbe River Basin. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 109, 2, pp. 93–104 (2004). – In the course of the 90s, the Czech part of the Elbe river basin underwent a significant change in the quality of surface water. After a long period of intensified pollution hitting the peak at the end of the 80s, reduced amount of emissions from main industrial and municipal sources led to a lower pollution load of the Elbe and its principal tributaries. The scope and speed of such water quality changes is unprecedented in the Czech as well as in the European perspective. Decrease in the pollution level is however spatially limited to the Elbe river and its main tributaries. Further reduction of emission load will not result in corresponding decline of water pollution. This is due to different evolution of rivers of different sizes, but mainly to insufficient decrease of pollution load in the headstream areas of the river basin. It is this area of small watercourses that has to be in the centre of attention because without its radical changes it isn’t possible to ensure permanent improvement of water quality in the Elbe and its tributaries.
Key words: Hydrology – water quality – pollution – modelling – Elbe.
LEHOTSKÝ Milan, GREŠKOVÁ Anna:
Channel-floodplain geosystem and riverine landscape – survey and assessment. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 109, 4, pp. 277 – 288 (2004). – The article deals with new orientation and methodological approaches recently dominated in the field of fluvial geomorphology. The authors, based on theoretical and methodological foundations of older and the latest studies define riverine landscape and its geomorphic base – channel-floodplain geosystems, explain their hierarchical structure and briefly outline the main features of approaches of its assessment and survey strategy.
Key words: channel-floodplain systém – riverine landscape – assessment – survey.
ŁOBODA Jan:
Polish geography at the beginning of the new millenium. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 109, 4, pp. 314-327 (2004). – The article presents the state of Polish geography at the beginning of the new millennium, including its main research issues, research approaches, preferred scientific methods, the most crucial dilemmas as well as theoretical and methodological issues. Contemporary trends in the development of geography, applications of results of geographical research both in Poland and worldwide and an evaluation of modern geography as compared with other disciplines are also addressed. On this background, the most important weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the contemporary Polish geography, and its position in the global geography are presented. The article also highlights other scientific disciplines, which geography should become most closely linked scientifically with. Main research areas to be preferably developed in the Polish geography are presented in the final part of the paper. The results presented are based on an anonymous survey, conducted in MayńSeptember 2001.
KEY WORDS: Polish and world geography – state and perspectives – geographic centres – opinions of geographers.
MARIOT Peter:
Regional aspects of acceptation of the new subjects in the Slovak political arena. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 109, 1, pp. 1–14 (2004). – The author observes specific features of the regional picture of support to five political parties, which emerged as new and obtained chairs in the Slovak Parliament in the years 1999-2002 (Tab. 1). He uses the index of openness (Io) computed for each community as the sum of bal values for the individual parties (Tab. 5) to express regional differences in the willingness of voters in different regions of the Slovak Republic to accept these new political subjects. The communities with a high index of openness values (Io from 20 to 29) are found above all in the administrative region of Košice (Fig. 6), while the “openness” of electors increases from the west to the east and with increasing population in the settlements of the Slovak Republic.
MATOUŠKOVÁ Milada:
Ecohydrological monitoring of the river habitat quality. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 109, 2, pp. 105–116 (2004). – Complex ecohydrological methods are of principal significance when evaluating the state of water ecosystems and they give also decisive information for their restoration. New approaches in the evaluation allow a broader view at the water ecosystem. The ecohydrological state of a stream is determined by a set of hydromorphological characteristics of the river channel, of its runoff, by hydrochemical and hydrobiological condition of water, by the character of bank and riparian belts and transformation of the floodplain. The new European Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) underlines the significance of ecohydrological methods. In the paper is represented a method of ecomorphological evaluation of streams habitat quality and its application on the model study area of the Rakovnický Brook.
Key words: ecohydrological monitoring – river habitat – river training – hydromorphology – vegetation belt – riparian zone – water basin.
MICHÁLEK Anton, PODOLÁK Peter:
Conditionality and regional differentiation of life expectancy of population in Slovakia. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 109, 3, pp. 236–251 (2004) – In comparison with the healthiest European populations, Slovakia is characterized by significantly lower values of life expectancy at birth, particularly of men. The aim of this paper is to identify the main possible reasons of this situation and to outline the probable influence and nature of the most important factors. The paper also deals with main characteristics and possible reasons of regional differentiation of this situation that shows significantly different values in different regions of the country.
KEY WORDS: life expectancy at birth – population of Slovakia – regional differentiation.
SALGADO Pilar Paneque, QUINTANA Serafín Corral, PEREIRA Ángela Guimaraes, DEL MORAL Ituarte Leandro, MATEOS Belén Pedregal :
The new EU water framework directive and participative evaluation processes: use of multicriteria tools in the evaluation of water management options in theCosta Del Sol (south Spain). Geografie Sborník ČGS, 109, 2, pp. 156-203 (2004). TheEuropean Union Water Framework Directive has become an engine of change in waterpolicy, particularly in so far as it prioritises the rational use of water, restoration of the goodecological status of water ecosystems and public participation ń diversity of perspectivesand values ń in decision-making, as a vital instrument to achieve these aims. This paperpresents the results of the implementation of a participatory evaluation process to assesswater management alternatives for the water supply in the Costa del Sol Occidental area in the province of Malaga. The techniques used in the process were multi-criteriaevaluation and social research, with the involvement of the social actors identified in theanalysis as a central tenet. It is maintained that by implementing participatory processes,it is possible to arrive at unconventional diagnoses, which can be developed into innovativewater management alternatives, and that by taking into account all the values andinterests at stake, it is possible to find solutions that overcome inertia, look beyond shorttermconsiderations and rationalize social conflicts and resistance.
KEY WORDS: water management – integrated evaluation – participation – stakeholders.
SPILKOVÁ Jana:
Contact systems, modern agglomeration advantages and foreign investors. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 109, 3, pp. 252–265 (2004) – So far, research on behaviour of foreign investors, their location decisions and contact systems and changing meaning of agglomeration advantages have been on the margin of both theoretical and empirical research in the Czech geography. This article is an introduction to these research problems that gain rising importance due to increasing foreign direct investments in the Czech Republic and also due to political efforts to support successful settlement of current foreign investors. First, the article explains the notion of contact system and gives a review of the most important literature concerned with this field of study. Second, it deals with the role of information in the modern competitive environment and with the new meaning of agglomeration advantages. Crucial theses on the topic are presented and briefly discussed. Finally, a further research agenda is sketched out and key research questions are outlined.
KEY WORDS: foreign investors – transition economies – contact systems – agglomeration advantages – information – networks – knowledge – geographical proximity.
ŠTIKA Rudolf:
Regional disparities in Czechia in 1990s in modern development context. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 109, 1, pp. 15–26 (2004). – Using a wide scale of indicators (economic, social and demographic) and different statistical methods for measuring variability (coefficient of variation, Gini’s coefficient, Theil’s index and standard deviation) this article tries to describe the evolution of regional variability during the 1990s in the Czech Republic in the context of long-term trends. Special attention is paid to a comparison of the variability figures in the 1990s with those in the 1920s and 1930s. An evaluation of the suitability of different indexes used in measuring regional variability is also made. The analysis proves that contemporary regional differentiation in the Czech Republic is not exceptional from the long-term perspective. The article also discusses the influence of the vertical and horizontal position of the regions on the success of their development in this respect. A brief international comparison at the end shows the position of Czech regional disparities within the group of EU countries.
Key words: regional disparities – long-term trends – 1990s – statistical methods – Czechia – EU.