BIČÍK Ivan:
Changes of agricultural geography. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 110, 2, pp. 91–102 (2005). – The paper deals with the position of agricultural geography in the system of geographical sciences and with the changes in orientation of main themes treated by new research and publication activities of this geographical sub-discipline. In the initial stages, description of reality prevailed in agricultural geography, then it went through the period of “business (commercial) geography“, then the main interest of agricultural geographers was concentrated at world agriculture typology issues and still later at land use. Since the end of the 1970´s, a shift from agricultural geography to rural geography has been evident. It corresponds with the trend of the shift of geography to a broadly conceived cultural or human geography. Since the 1990´s critical voices refusing an exaggerated sociologization of geographical themes in rural research have been growing. In that period, research has concentrated at globalization as topical process of the world economy. Recently, studies paying attention to environmental issues are more frequent.
ČADIL Vladislav:
Influence of foreign direct investments on foreign trade of Czechia. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 110, 1, pp. 46–61 (2005). – Deep changes in territorial and commodity structure of foreign trade have arisen after 1989 in Czechia. Economically developed states, especially EU countries, have become significant trade partners of Czechia. On the one hand, export and import of machines and means of transport have increased, on the other hand, export of semi-finished products and materials has decreased. Intense qualitative changes in territorial and commodity structures as well as an increase of foreign trade would be inconceivable (or significantly delayed) without a positive effect of foreign direct investments. Foreign capital has sharpened differences between prospering foreign firms and weak, uncompetitive home enterprises. The aim of this contribution is: a) to deal with the effects of foreign direct investments on the development of foreign trade in Czechia; b) to delineate the main trends in development of foreign trade affected by foreign capital.
Key words: foreign trade – Czechia – foreign direct investments – transform.
ČESÁK Julius, ŠOBR Miroslav:
Methods of bathymetric mapping of Czech lakes. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 110, 3, pp. 141–151 (2005). – The article outlines the most frequent methods used for mapping of lakes of natural or anthropogenic origin. The methodology is based on outlooks used for more than one hundred years. Two ways of mapping of shorelines and subsequent bathymetric measurements are described. Processing of the obtained data and the final format and appurtenance of maps are described here as well.
KEY WORDS: Shoreline mapping – bathymetric mapping – MapInfo – Surfer – geodetic total station – volume of lake basins – interpolation – echo sounder.
FIALA Theodor:
Approach to the Morphostructural Analysis of the Relief in Publications of Czech and Slovak Geomorphologists. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 110, 2, pp. 103–115 (2005). – The article presents approaches Czech and Slovak geomorphologists use while working on morphostructural analysis. The analysis consists of partial analyses (methods) that contribute to description of the relief and its parts. The article shows which of these methods are mostly used. The aim is to point out that the geomorphologists´ approach to the morphostructural analysis is very different and varies from author to author.
KEY WORDS: morphostructural analysis – morphostructure.
FIALOVÁ Dana, VÁGNER Jiří:
Structure, typology, present state and perspectives of second residences in Czechia. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 110, 2, pp. 73–81(2005). – The paper begins with giving basic information on second residence – individual short-term recreation of population in Czechia – aimed at its structure and distribution. A short characteristic of the history of the research into and of the basic development of structure of the second residence is given. This structure was roughly completed prior to the 1990´s. The empirical part deals with field and inquiry research into regional differentiation of this phenomenon in model regions of the whole Czechia and results into a tentative typology of fields of second residence and into more general conclusions on the main trends and perspectives.
Key words: second residence – regional differentiation – Czechia – typology.
HALÁS MARIÁN:
Transport potential of regions in Slovakia. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 110, 4, pp. 257–270 (2005). – The communication infrastructure of the Central and Eastern European countries is one of the crucial factors of their economic development in the enlarging European Union. Their spatial differentiation is determined by many factors; the most important physical-geographic one is the geomorphologic structure of the area, and one of the principal human-geographic factors is the spatial differentiation and structure of settlement (as a generator or as a result of transport infrastructure). The submitted article deals with the transport issues in Slovakia and the potential for the development of the transport infrastructure in Slovak regions. The two main objectives of the contribution are as follows: The first partial aim is (1a) a basic analysis of the transport position of Slovakia in the (Central) European area and (1b) an analysis of the evolution and present state of communication infrastructure and the intensity of transport at its individual parts. The second main aim of the article is to point at some possibilities in the territory of the Slovakia, especially by application of gravitational model in Slovak towns (and towns of neighbouring border regions) and possibilities of development of the communication infrastructure.
Key words: gravitational model – transport infrastructure – transport potential.
HRDINKA Tomáš:
Anthropogenic Lakes in Czechia. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 110, 3, pp. 210–228 (2005). – Anthropogenic lakes are one of the most significant genetic groups of lakes in Czechia. The water quality of these lakes formed through flooding of mined-out pits can be influenced by several factors such as physical and chemical properties of mined out rock, characteristics of the mine surroundings, secondary anthropogenic interference and time elapsed since their flooding. The quality of water determines their possible utilization, such as water supply, agriculture, industry, recreation, nature preservation, etc. This article compares five anthropogenic lakes in mining pits after exploitation of different kind of rocks and on the basis of lake basin characteristics and physical and chemical analysis of water formulates the possibilities of their possible utilization in the context of the local landscape.
KEY WORDS: lake classification – water quality – mining areas – anthropogenic processes
CHALUPOVÁ Dagmar, JANSKÝ Bohumír:
The oxbow lakes in the central part of the River Labe – comparation of water quality and heavy metals concentrations in sediment. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 110, 3, pp. 229–242 (2005). – In the years 2000 and 2002, an investigation of three fluvial lakes in the central part of the River Labe was carried out. All three localities were chosen to evaluate the state of the environment and the impact of human activity on it. The research included physical, chemical, hydrobiological analyses of water, analyses of sediments, but also bathymetric measurements. Although the conditions of genesis and existence of all selected lakes were the same, we found many differences in water quality e.g. oxygen saturation, BOD5, water loading with nutrients, calcium and chlorides concentrations. The pollution of sediments with determined heavy metals and even the dependence of the concentration on depth or age of sediment differed in each locality.
KEY WORDS – oxbow lakes – physical parameters of water – chemical parameters of water – hydrobiology – heavy metals – sediment.
JANSKÝ Bohumír:
New Trends of the Geographic Research into Lakes in Czechia. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 110, 3, pp. 129–140 (2005). – Research into lakes both in Czechia and abroad was carried on by number of geographers in Prague. This tradition was established by the founder of the Geographic Institute of Charles University, Professor Václav Švambera. In the 1970´s, the tradition was then taken over by the author of this article. A lot of his disciples have taken part in the research into lakes since. Thanks to the backing of the Grant Agency of Charles University, the project “Lakes in the Czech Republic” has been completed – its aim was to compile an extensive study on the Czech lakes including their genetic classification. The previous work has been followed by the latest extensive project backed by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic “Atlas of Lakes in the Czech Republic”.
KEY WORDS: traditional research – systematic mapping – genetic classification of lakes – lakes of natural and anthropogenic origin – limnology studies – bathymetric maps – hydrologic regime – water quality – quality of sediments – hydrobiology.
JANSKÝ Bohumír, JUDOVÁ Petra:
Water Quality in Rural Areas of Czechia: Case Study Šlapanka River Catchment. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 110, 1, pp. 1–14 (2005). – This article evaluates water quality of the river Šlapanka, which runs through a typical landscape of Českomoravská vrchovina. It deals with water quality at present and with its long-term development (since 1976). A significant part of the article consists of evaluation of pollution sources (agriculture, industry, population). The type of pollution sources is distinguished by dependence analysis of concentration of substances on flows and in different seasons. At the end of the article there are measures suggested to reduce the impact of pollution sources.
KEY WORDS: Šlapanka River – pollution sources (agriculture, population) – water quality – nitrate – BOD5 – dependence analyses – water quality improving measures.
JANSKÝ Bohumír, ŠOBR Miroslav, KOCUM Jan, ČESÁK Julius:
New bathymetric mapping of glacial lakes of Šumava Mountains (Bohemian Forest). – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 110, 3, pp. 176–187 (2005). – The article gives a historical overview of bathymetric measurements of glacial lakes on the Bohemian side of Šumava Mts. in the course of the 19th and 20th centuries. A special attention is paid to Václav Švambera’s works from the beginning of the 20th century. These works are confronted with results of the latest measurements made by workers of the Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology of the Faculty of Science, Charles University, with the help of advanced equipments.
KEY WORDS: glacial lakes – history of morphometric measurements – bathymetric maps – bathymetric curves – morphometry of lake basis.
KOCUM Jan, JANSKÝ Bohumír:
Limnological Study of the Čertovo jezero Lake. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 110, 3, pp. 152–175 (2005). – The main aim of the limnological research into the Čertovo jezero Lake (Bohemian Forest, south-western Czechia) was to make its precise ground plan, to characterize the depth conditions of the lake basin and to determine the accurate altitude of the lake water level. One of the main outcomes of the study is the bathymetric map of this second largest glacial lake in Czechia. The description of morphometric characteristics of the lake catchment was also one part of the research. The analysis of the hydrological regime of the lake and of rainfall-outflow processes in its catchment has been carried out for the first time in the history of research activities in this locality. In order to elaborate a comprehensive geographical study of the lake, monitoring of the temperature conditions and ice phenomena of the accumulated water, of water transparency and colour and of its physical and chemical characteristics was also made.
KEY WORDS: limnological research – Čertovo jezero Lake – Bohemian Forest – bathymetric map – glacial lake – hydrological regime.
KOLEJKA Jaromír:
Digital landscape model – a geographical data tool for research and decision-making in territory management using geoinformation technology. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 110, 4, pp. 286–300 (2005). – An enormous thematic, geometric and format geodata variability as well as its storage in different distant databases are typical for the situation in Czechia. If these data layers are overlaid, many false parameter combinations originate. The digital landscape model (DLM) is an example of a new database tool reducing such data errors for an efficient application in research and territory management. The DLM structure and construction are presented.
Key words: digital landscape model – logical data integration – integrated database.
KULDOVÁ Silvie:
Contribution to cultural-geographical research: possible evaluations of cultural aspects by statistical methods. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 110, 4, pp. 300–314 (2005). – The aim of this article is to show that an evaluation of cultural aspects does not always mean an operation with “soft“, non-quantifiable data. It is possible to refer to cultural variety of regions also with the help of numeric indicators, so-called “hard“ data. As an example, differences between the Czech borderland and inland are studied in this article. The used characteristics are the percentage of native persons and number of municipality parts per municipality. Dissimilarity ratio of these indicators in space is evaluated by statistical analysis methods: independent-samples T test, one-way ANOVA, chi-square tests. Component analysis outputs help to complete the findings. Statistically significant differences between the identity of the Czech borderland and inland were proved. The impact of the former Czech-German linguistic boundary on the degree of regional identity of the inhabitants is still sensible.
Key words: regional identity – statistical analysis – border region – language border.
LANGHAMMER Jakub:
Geostatistical classification of dynamics of water quality changes in the Elbe river basin. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 110, 1, pp. 15–31 (2005). – With regard to the water quality changes, the area of the Czech part of the Elbe river basin is extraordinarily dynamic. In the 20th century it experienced an enormous increase of load of pollution. Since the beginning of the 1990´s due to the political and economical changes, we have witnessed a particularly intensive decrease in the emission volume and a related increase in water quality of watercourses. However, positive changes in the pollution load balance have occurred mainly in the biggest watercourses and these changes have not been accompanied by similar development in the whole river system. Using a newly created classification methodology the basic models of dynamics of water quality changes in the Elbe river basin have been derived. Based on GIS geostatistical analysis, regions with analogous water quality development trends have been defined for selected parameters and critical areas have been identified. It has become apparent that the prevailing part of the Elbe river basin has been experiencing a gradual increase in pollution. In addition, after a previous decrease, a number of watercourses experienced a recurrence of the increase in load. These areas are priorities for further development and control of surface water protection against pollution.
Key words: hydrology – water quality – pollution – environment – Elbe – GIS – analysis – classification.
KLIMENT Zdeněk, MATOUŠKOVÁ Milada:
Trends of runoff processes in the Otava River basin. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 110, 1, pp. 32–45 (2005). – Recent floods in the Czech Republic raised many questions about a possible man-made impact on the outflow process. The contribution evaluates runoff changes in the Otava River basin. Attention is paid to the methodology, which is based mainly on the use of mass curves of rainfall and runoff characteristics. Results of analysis are discussed and compared with climatic factors and human activities.
KEY WORDS: hydrology – hydrological regime – runoff changes – the Otava River basin.
POŠTA Petr:
Bog Pools in Czechia. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 110, x, pp. 188–209 (2005). –Research into bog pools is carried out within grant projects implemented by the Department of the Physical Geography and Geoecology of the Charles University, Prague. Raised bogs are scarce but important features of the Czech landscape. The importance of peat bogs may be assessed either from a purely materialistic perspective (balneology, substrate in gardening and agriculture, formerly energy), or from the perspective of their landscape-formation properties (hydrological function, refugium of glacial relicts). Nowadays, the peatlands are important in science and education – they can help us to understand the evolution of our landscape in the Holocene. The above mentioned grant projects’ goal was to compare a larger number of bog pools under different conditions of Czechia. The lakes were chosen on the basis of a field survey conducted in 2002–2003. In 2003–2004, these lakes were visited several times with the aim of creating a bathymetrical plan and taking a sample of water for assessment of its physical and chemical parameters.
KEY WORDS: organogenic lakes – bog pools – peat – raised bogs – ombrotrophic peat bogs – water quality
SKOKANOVÁ Hana:
Channel changes of the lower part of the Dyje River in the1830–2001 period caused by human activities. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 110, 4, pp. 271–286 (2005).– The article deals with changes of the lower reach of the Dyje River, South Moravia, caused by river engineering works. The study area was divided into five sections and studied with the help of graphic methods and morphometric characteristics derived from historical maps. The research shows a significant shortening of the Dyje, a decrease in sinuosity and a fluctuation in area and number of oxbow lakes (oxbows).
KEY WORDS: floodplain – river channel – pools – oxbows – river engineering works – sinuosity.
STEJSKAL Vladimír:
Geomorphological aspects of monitoring movements of slope blocks in pseudocarst localities Ostaš, Hejda and Kočičí skály. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 110, 2, pp. 82–90 (2005). – Since 1989 slope movements and movements of tectonic origin have been monitored in three pseudocarst localities in Polická vrchovina. Monitoring has allowed to detect more or less distinct manifestations of slope movement activity in the majority of observing points. A detailed geomorphological analysis has shown time variability of the mechanism of slope movements. Presence of movements of tectonic origin hasn’t been proved.
Key words: Polická vrchovina – block slope movements – movements monitoring – TM-71 gauge.
TUREK Martin:
Lake Libišská tůň in nature reserve Černínovsko: Present state and anthropogenic disturbance of the fluvial lake’s ecosystem – an integrated limnological approach. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 110, 3, pp. 243-254 (2005). – This paper dealings with the history, the present state and human impact on the fluvial lake Libišská tůň situated in the nature reserve Černínovsko near town Neratovice in Czechia. For the assessment of the lake’s ecosystem an integrated limnological approach is used. There has been a considerable human influence on the lake’s ecosystem since it’s genesis in the first half of the 19th century during the canalization of the Elbe River. The lake is situated close to one of the biggest czech chemical factories Spolana Neratovice, which has had a detrimental impact on the lake’s water quality and on the content of heavy metals in the sediments. The fish stock there has a significant impact on the species composition of plankton. A morphomeric survey was carried out on the lake and the annual hydrological regime of the lake in view of the river and groundwater has been evaluated.
Key words: fluvial lake – Libišská tůň – Černínovsko – limnological study – heavy metals – Spolana Neratovice – Elbe River canalization – trunked spur.