BRABEC Pavel, LIPSKÝ Zdeněk:
Geoecological regularities of landscape use. Case study from the source area of the Konopišťský Potok brook. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 112, 1, pp. 33–47 (2007). – The paper deals with the topic of landscape use and its relations to natural and societal conditions of the landscape. The problem has been solved as a case study on the example of the upper part of the catchment of the Konopišťský Potok brook in the Central Bohemian Highland. The catchment under investigation of the total area of about 15 sq. km is situated 60 km south of Prague. Land use of the whole model territory has been mapped in the field on the scale 1:10 000. Based on the detailed mapping and knowledge of the natural (physicogeographic) conditions, geoecological regularities and relations of present land use to natural conditions valid in the model area have been derived. Consequently, geological, geomorphological, soil, hydrological and biotic factors influencing current land use have been assessed and described both separately and in mutual combinations and relations.
Key words: geoecology – land use – cultural landscape – natural conditions.
ČEKAL Jiří:
Demarcation of migration regions in the context of changes of the main functions of migration (on example of the South Bohemian region). – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 112, 4, pp. 361–372 (2007). – The importance of the de-concentrative function of migration processes rises in Czechia lately, especially in connection with suburbanization development. Thus, a projection of this trend to methodology of demarcation of migration regions comes forward. The main objective of this contribution is a comparison of results of migration regionalization of the model area of the South Bohemian region, which was realized by two methods. The first one reflects traditional basic functions of migration (concentrative and integrative), the second one respects the above-mentioned newer de-concentrative tendencies of migration flows.
KEY WORDS: migration regions – functions of migration – the South Bohemian region.
DRBOHLAV Dušan, DZÚROVÁ Dagmar, ČERNÍK Jan:
Integration of foreigners, pupils of elementary and secondary schools, into the Czech society: example of Prague. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 112, 2, pp. 161–184 (2007). – This contribution deals with foreign immigrant children/youths and their integration into the Czech society; this issue being so far been rather terra incognita in Czechia. The paper brings results of a research on the integration process of two groups of foreign children/youths. Data/information come from a questionnaire survey in 13 selected schools (a sort of quota sampling method was applied). Altogether 45 post-Soviets (mostly Russians and Ukrainians) and 35 Asians (Vietnamese and Chinese) aged between 10 and 18 who migrated to Czechia in the years 1991–2001, i.e. the so called ”1.5 generation“, and currently live and attend basic or secondary schools in Prague were contacted. A control group of 47 Czech pupils/students was juxtaposed to the given foreigners. The data were analysed by Chi-square test, correlate analysis and factor analyses and the whole set of various aspects related to immigrants´ integration into the Czech society (from their success in schools to their complex satisfaction with their integration into the in Czech society) are presented and commented upon.
KEY WORDS: integration – Czechia – Post-Soviets – Vietnamese – Chinese – immigrant children/youths – ”1.5 generation“ – quantitative analysis.
DRBOHLAV Dušan, UHEREK Zdeněk:
Reflection on Migration Theories. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 112, 2, pp. 125–141 (2007). – This contribution concentrates upon three main tasks, i.e. to introduce some basic and often rather problematic aspects that are tied to creation and application of migration theories, to briefly describe and explain selected important migration theories/concepts as they developed in the course of time and to discuss a dichotomy between micro and macro approaches while pinpointing problems and challenges that follow from only a partial reflection of a “complex migratory reality“. While contributing to improving “conceptualization“ of migratory theory building activities, the authors pinpointed the importance to work on new typologies of migration while structuring migratory reality by following differentiating dimensions: 1. “Spatial-administration scale“ (internal versus international migration movements), 2. “Analytical scale“ – “micro“ (individual) versus “macro“ (structures) approaches and 3. Developmental aspect (industrial versus post-industrial era).
KEY WORDS: migration theories/concepts – integration – description – explanation – critical assessment.
ILÍK Jan, OUŘEDNÍČEK Martin:
Karlín and its changes in the context of post-socialist transformation of Prague. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 112, 3, pp. 292–314 (2007). – The trends of post-socialist transformation in the inner city are described and illustrated in the case study of Karlín. At present, this area is going through a radical reconstruction and changes of spatial structure. The main aim of this analysis is to identify the processes which have changed this structure and to reveal the main mechanisms which underlie these changes. Attention is paid to the roles of the participants involved in the new development as well. Changes of partial components of spatial structures were observed through interviews, fieldwork and statistical data analyses.
Key words: regeneration – inner city – Prague – post-socialist transformation.
JANSKÁ Eva:
Adaptation/integration of immigrants into majority society: the second generation of foreigners and of their parents in Czechia. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 112, 2, pp. 142–160 (2007). – This contribution deals with the new phenomenom of preschool immigrant children in Czechia after 1990. It focuses on social, economic, cultural and ethnic characteristics of children´s parents and on language knowledge and adaptation of children of immigrants in the major society. The paper is based on a quota sample survey conducted in the framework of a Grant Agency project in the Czech Republic in school years 2003/2004 and 2004/2005. The main goals of this contribution is to ascertain what way of inclusion into the Czech society the given immigrant groups practice. There are also discussed factors influencing integration of migrant families into the major society, as well as their willingness to stay in Czechia permanently.
Key words: immigration – integration – assimilation – second generation.
KABRDA Jan, JANČÁK Vít:
Impact of selected political and institutional factors on Czech agriculture and landscape. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 112, 1, pp. 48–60 (2007). – In this article, we focused on the influence of two institutional factors – EU subsidies and supports, and system of ownership and lease of agricultural land – on the state and changes of agriculture and land use in Czechia after its accession to the EU in 2004. This assessment was based on a series of questionnaires and interviews with farmers and other actors involved, conducted recently in two model regions: Český Brod in the fertile lowland of Central Bohemia; and Sněžné in less favoured natural conditions of the Bohemian-Moravian Highland. Firstly, we concentrated on market conditions, economic viability and effects of and problems related to the system of supports and subsidies destined for the Czech agricultural sector after 2004. Special attention was devoted to grassing. Secondly, we discussed the contrast between ownership and use of land – the fact, most of the Czech agricultural land is currently leased. We tried to define negative effects of this fact, both for farming and for landscape – e.g. uncertainty about the future, unwillingness to invest into leased plots, or weak relationship of farmers to land.
Key words: agriculture – subsidies – landscape – land ownership – land lease – Czechia – Český Brod – Sněžné
KŘÍŽEK Marek, TREML Václav, ENGEL Zbyněk:
Lithologic predisposition, morphology, and spatial distribution of patterned grounds above alpine timberline in the High Sudetes. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 112, 4, pp. 373–387 (2007). – It is evident that morphology and location of the patterned ground of the High Sudetes are significantly dependent on lithological conditions. Additional impact has also extreme location, respectively extend of its deflation. The occurrence of sorted polygons is dependent particularly on quartzite; earth hummocks prefer rocks offering fine-grained/small-grained waste. Sorted polygons reach the largest horizontal sizes among all kinds of patterned grounds, the smallest then earth hummocks. Many temporary forms among all kinds of patterned grounds exist in the High Sudetes which is due to their polycyclic, respectively polygenetic evolution.
Key words: lithology – morphology – Czechia – High Sudetes.
KUČERA Zdeněk:
Settlement and municipality: fundamental terms in geography of settlements and their relationship. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 112, 1, pp. 84–94 (2007). – Settlement and municipality are fundamental terms in geography of settlements, which are often identified or interchanged. Their meaning and relationship are analysed in the article with using different sources. A settlement is an inseparable part of cultural landscape and a landscape unit with certain physiognomy in particular. A municipality is an abstract societal unit. Settlement organization within the system of settlements is the image and product of human activity in certain landscape, whereas character and number of municipalities are the image and product of spatial organization of society.
Key words: settlement – municipality – cultural landscape – landscape unit.
LACHMANOVÁ Lenka:
Development and effectiveness of models of immigrant integration: the case of Austria, France and the Netherlands. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 112, 2, pp. 221–236 (2007). – This paper deals with contemporary relevance of the classical typology of “integration models” in the case of Austria, France and the Netherlands. Based on the latest development in the field of integration policy, it shows great changes in integration approaches and thus queries the validity of integration typology for these countries. It tries furthermore to compare the level of integration of immigrant population in order to confront the effectiveness of different states´ approaches to the process of immigrant integration.
Key words: integration policy – models of integration – immigration – indicators of integration.
LIPSKÝ Zdeněk, ROMPORTL Dušan:
Landscape typology in Czechia and abroad: state of the art, methods and theoretical basis. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 112, 1, pp. 61–83 (2007). – The main goal of this paper is to introduce the importance of landscape typology in present times when many landscapes are exposed to dynamic human impacts such as land use changes, urbanization, intensive agriculture, forestry or industrialization. Different approaches to landscape typology in Czechia and other European countries as well as relations of landscape typology to landscape character assessment and the European Landscape Convention are discussed. A requirement of a new exact and applicable landscape typology is a great challenge for Czech geographers.
KEY WORDS: landscape typology – types of natural landscapes – types of cultural landscapes – division – Czechia.
NOVOTNÝ Josef, JANSKÁ Eva, ČERMÁKOVÁ Dita:
Spatial distribution of immigrants in Czechia and its influencing factors: an attempt at quantitative analysis. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 112, 2, pp. 204–220 (2007). – This paper focuses on spatial distribution of immigrants in districts of Czechia. Firstly, a brief description of the distribution is given with respect to the main groups of immigrants according to their citizenship. Then we examine the issue empirically by correlation and regression analyses trying to find out which factors explain the immigrants’ distribution. A significant relationship has been found between geographical macro-position of districts and both the absolute numbers and relative shares of foreigners in population. Interestingly, the factor of settlement hierarchy is significant only for the absolute numbers of immigrants. In addition, factors such as aggregate economic level and unemployment rate have not been found significant when controlling for other factors. A question for further research is the relationship that has been indicated between both the characteristics of foreigners’ distribution and the level of criminality.
Key words: distribution of immigrants in Czechia – socio-economic factors – correlation and regression analysis.
PAPOUŠKOVÁ Radka:
Migration for studies: foreign students at the University of Economics, Prague. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 112, 2, pp. 185–203 (2007). – The article deals with international migration for educational purposes in Czechia. Czechia receives an increasing number of foreign students mainly from Slovakia, Russia, the Ukraine and Belarus who come to study bachelor and master programmes in the Czech language. The share of foreign students in the total student population in Czechia is 6.2 % (2004–2005). The survey based on electronic questionnaire was performed among foreign students at the University of Economics, Prague in spring 2006 with the objective to confirm the hypothesis on motivation for studying in Czechia and plans after graduation. The first part of the article briefly summarizes theoretical and empirical findings and the second part analyses the survey results.
Key words: international migration – student migration – motivation for study abroad – foreign students in Czechia.
POLÍVKA Jan:
Sociální diferenciace v prostoru pražských subcenter. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 112, 3, pp. 266–291 (2007). – On the example of three Prague subcentres Budějovická, Pankrác and Smíchov this paper analyses the structure of socially stratified environment of secondary city centres in Prague. The development is discussed within the context of requirements upon the public space in the stage of tertiarization and post-socialist transformation of the urban society. The influx of investments into the local environment of city centres is changing the space patterns and causes changes in the social structure of users. As result, the area of centres is split into functional entities with different social constituency. An active role of public administration is important for preservation of city-centre functionality for most inhabitants of the city.
KEY WORDS: social differentiation – city centre – functions of urban space.
SÝKORA Luděk, POSOVÁ Darina:
Specificities of suburbanization in post-socialist context: new housing construction in metropolitan region of Prague 1997–2005. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 112, 3, pp. 334–356 (2007). – The article analyses residential suburbanisation in Prague metropolitan region using data about new housing construction in the period of 1997–2005. Findings show that despite suburban areas account for large share of newly constructed housing, its majority is built within the compact city. Large share of new housing construction in the compact city indicates the vitality and strength of urban alternatives to suburbanisation. In addition, the paper illustrates the strengthening position of Prague metropolitan area within the country and discuses characteristics of new housing construction in the relation to the increasing distance from the city centre.
Key words: post-socialist city – suburbanisation – housing construction – metropolitan region – Prague.
ŘEHÁK Stanislav:
In this country, in these countries? – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 112, 1, pp. 95–105 (2007). – The subhead of this essay could be “Comparative regional-geographical wander around France and Czech countries”. The authors points out that in Czech geographical terminology the term country is ambiguous. Especially historical countries Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia have always had timeless applicability; on their long-term existence and on their historical symbols are based also the statehood of the Czech Republic and its symbols. Unfortunately, historical countries are not respected in any way by the territorial administrative division, although their size (NUTS 1) is suitable also for the NUTS system. In this connection, the author compares the situation in Czechia to that in France, where long-term regional division was not much backed as well, but where the situation is now in general consolidated and the new level of French regions (after the reform of the 1960´s to 1980´s) has stimulated many of the historical regions. The author deals also with the extensive present French regional geographical literature and tries to indirectly inspire also Czech authors.
KEY Words: country – the Czech Republic –NUTS system – France.
SVOZIL Břetislav:
Changes of water level fluctuations of the Caspian Sea to the end of the 20th century. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 112, 4, pp. 406–423 (2007). – This article deals with problems of variability level of the Caspian Sea. It brings a historical overview with an accent put on the 20th century. It points out causes of the decrease and the lift of the Caspian Sea level, mentions causes as well as consequences of these phenomena. It also deals with prognosticating: it examines whether an erroneous prognosis can influence solution of the problem and whether can cause huge damages. And it also mentions non-periodical sea sway, increasing and decreasing water level fluctuations, which can cause short-time increases or decreases the Caspian Sea level, as well as the main causes of the Caspian Sea variability level, formulation of prognoses and impacts of the level fluctuation.
KEY WORDS: Caspian Sea – water level fluctuation –Kara-Bogaz-Gol Bay – water balance prediction.
SÝKORA Luděk, SÝKOROVÁ Ivana:
Growth and decline of metropolis: a perennial theme in urban research. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 112, 3, pp. 237–249 (2007). – The paper presents an overview of main themes and concepts that have shaped debates about urban growth and decline since 1920s. It begins with the growth of cities and metropolitan areas and their internal differentiation. In the further part, uneven development, deindustrialization, spatial divisions of labor and globalization are linked to social polarization, new urban cleavages and localities of growth and decline within contemporary cities. Final part touches upon current discussion about continuity and change and chaos or order in urban development patterns.
Key words: city – metropolitan area – decline – growth – restructuralization – uneven development.
SÝKOROVÁ Ivana:
Prague brownfields: oportunity and threat for the development of the capital city. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 112, 3, pp. 250–265 (2007). – Brownfields belong to the major urban problems in Czechia. These derelict areas are characterized by decayed, abandoned buildings and sometimes by contaminated soil. This article provides an analysis of brownfields in Prague. First, I introduce brownfields as declining areas that have at the same time a great growth potential for the city development. Second, I present the main characteristics of Prague brownfields based on findings from a field survey conducted in 2005-6. The paper concludes by a brief summary and assessment of advantages and drawbacks of brownfields existence and of their potential regeneration for the contemporary urban development in Prague. The capital city of Prague has not suffered as much as other cities and regions in Czechia due to its different structure of economy, its position as the national control and command centre and a gateway linking the country with the world economy.
Key words: brownfields – urban decline – regeneration – Prague.
TEMELOVÁ Jana, NOVÁK Jakub:
From industrial neighbourhood to modern urban centre: transformation in physical and functional environment of central Smíchov. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 112, 3, pp. 315–333 (2007). – The paper takes the example of central Smíchov in Prague to study transformation of the traditional industrial inner city neighbourhood into a modern urban centre. From the theoretical point of view we interpret the ongoing changes as a combination of the general deindustrialization trend and the locally specific post-socialist political and economic transition. Recently, central Smíchov experienced a dramatic physical and functional regeneration. However, some areas stand aside this dynamic development. Dilapidated physical environment and concentration of poor residents and low-profit functions characterize the zones along transport-intensive communications. To achieve a balanced development of central Smíchov, it is important to maintain the existing functional diversity and to preserve particular identity of this place derived from its industrial history.
KEY WORDS: regeneration – inner city – functional and physical transformation.
TOMÁNKOVÁ Veronika:
Differentiated Support of the EU Enlargement in the Public Opinion: a Multivariate LISREL Analysis. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 112, 1, pp. 1–16 (2007). – This paper provides an analysis of the public opinion in the EU countries concerning further enlargement. Public opinion plays an important role in the current integration processes and is an integral part of the research concerning the European Union. The differentiation in the support for the EU enlargement across 25 countries can be explained by the multivariate LISREL (linear structural equations) analysis that makes possible to identify a causal system through the explanatory model. The model includes structural and public opinion variables in the set of the twenty-five EU member states. Multivariate statistical analysis shows a low public opinion support for the EU enlargement in rich states and, on the other hand, a clear support in a group of post-communist member states.
Key words: European Union – public opinion – enlargement/deepening.
VANÍČKOVÁ Eva:
Geomorphological evolution (development) of the Divoká Orlice valley in the Zemská brána area. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 112, 4, pp. 388–405 (2007). – Geomorphological analysis suggests that the canon shaped valley of the Divoká Orlice River in the southern part of the Orlické hory Mountains is both epigenetic and of antecedent origin. The findings of morphostructural and climate-morphogenetic relief features enable to ascertain the main stages of the geomorphological evolution of the Zemská brána area in the Late Cainozoic. It varied landforms originated by denudation and erosion, but they have conspicous features of morphostructural and neotectonic patterns.
KEY WORDS: geomorphology – Divoká Orlice river – Orlické hory Mountains.