T. Bayer, M. Potůčková., M. Čábelka: Cartometric analysis of old maps of Czech Lands: map of Bohemia and map of Moravia by Petrus Kaerius. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 114, 3, pp. 230–243 (2009). – The article deals with cartographic assessment of two significant cartographic works from the beginning of the 17th century depicting the territory of Czech lands: map of Bohemia and map of Moravia by Petrus Kaerius (*1571, ┼1646). The map of Bohemia by Petrus Kaerius is based on Aretin’s map of Bohemia. The map of Moravia by Petrus Kaerius is a cartographic work derived from the map of Moravia created by Paulus Fabricius (*1519, ┼1588). To support these facts, cartometric analysis was carried out in both maps by Petrus Kaerius and their assumed originals. The methodology of map assessment is based on geometric analysis of sets of identical points in an old map and a reference map by means of multiquadratic interpolation. The geographic database DMU 25 was chosen and a suitable reference data set. Results of analyses comprising vectors of residuals on identical points, isolines of scale and rotation were visualized in the software package MapAnalyst.
Key words: digital cartography – cartometric analysis – old maps – MapAnalyst.
J. Burian, Z. Šťávová: The difficulties of using urban plans for cartographers and geoinformatists. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 114, 3, pp. 179–191 (2009). – The paper deals with cartographical and geoinformatical evaluation of Czech urban plans. The disparity between plan and map terms and how this disparity is perceived by cartographers and city planners is discussed. The processing of urban plans with GIS and CAD software is depicted and two groups of the most common mistakes made by processors of urban plans are demonstrated. The first group includes cartographical mistakes, the second one technical mistakes generated during digital processing. Explanation of the potential impact of these imperfections on urban plan users is emphasized and the ways how to eliminate these mistakes are delineated. The recent standards for urban planning in Czechia and their future changes are described together with web visualisation of urban plans.
KEY WORDS: urban plan – cartographical symbology – GIS.
Z. Čermák, M. Hampl, J. Müller: Contemporary tendencies of population development of metropolitan areas in Czechia: is an important turn coming? – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 114, 1, pp. 37–51 (2009). – Population development of metropolitan areas in Czechia displays in recent years a certain turn – since 2002 these territorial units have been growing again and increasing their share on the population of the country. However, when compared with the long-term development, those changes are rather insignificant. Their explanation comes mainly from the regional economic differentiation dating from the first decade of the transformation period. There is a dominant influence of external migration, whereas migration mobility of domestic population remains still at a low level.
KEY WORDS: metropolitan areas – population and economic growth – migration – geographical diffusion.
R. Dušek, J. Miřijovský: Visualization of geospatial data: chaos in the dimensions. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 114, 3, pp. 169–178 (2009). – 2D maps, 2.5D terrain models and 3D visualization are examples of terms which are widely used in computer science, geography, cartography and also in geoinformatics. What do they, however, really mean? The paper tries to clarify the common terminology. Only the issue of three-dimensional space is discussed, without incorporating time and other dimensions. The authors want to draw attention to the often misguiding and pointless use of terms relating to the expression of space. The original and correct terms, originating from informatics and spatial data processing, have been transferred to the field of visualization, in which they are often ill founded and incorrect. An example commonly used in the literature is a reference to perspective projection as a 3D view, etc. Furthermore, the paper points to collisions in the use of these terms. Despite the fact that the terms are already commonly used in the literature, the authors recommend a change of the terms, especially in view of further technological developments in the field of spatial data visualization.
Key words: 2D – 2.5D – 3D – visualization – space.
M. Hampl: Global system: situation, contemporary tendencies and possible perspectives of the power potential distribution. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 114, 1, pp. 1–20 (2009). – This contribution deals with the set-up of global power differentiation and its contemporary and prospective changes. Primary attention is paid to construction of representative aggregate indicators of power potential on the level of states and of sub-global systems. Into account is taken their territorial, population and economic size and that in a differentiated way (different weights attributed to partial size characteristics). The results confirm the anticipated asymmetry in the distribution of power potential and its shifting among superpowers. Especially emphasized is not only the current distribution of power among states, but above all among supranational systems – including the distinct potential in possibilities of further expansion and integration of sub-global systems.
KEY WORDS: global system – distribution of power – unipolarity or multipolarity – integration processes at the supranational level.
L. Jelen: Changes in ethnic structure in the Caucasus region since the end of the 1980´s: primary statistical analysis. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 114, 2, pp. 130–144 (2009). – The article deals with changes in ethnic structure in 13 political units of the North and the South Caucasus resulting from societal processes going on after the last 1989 Soviet census and illustrated by the outcome of censuses held in 1999–2005. The study deals with changes in population share of titular groups, Russians and other ethnic groups, with changing urbanization level and general regional population growth. It also makes an assessment of substantial changes in the ethnic structure in selected territories in connection with political and economical factors influencing the post-1989 development of the region and its ethno-territorial entities.
Key words: Caucasus – ethnic structure – titular groups – Russians – ethnic conflict – census.
F. Jung: Animated maps as an instrument of urban mass transport research. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 114, 3, pp. 206–217 (2009). – Transport, in general, is a time variable spatially based phenomenon and its visualization on paper maps or by the help of classical means expresses its dynamics by specific methods. They are limited mostly by bounded means of expressing the phenomenon change in time. Animation gives us new possibilities, which do not have such limitations. This article presents an interactive web application capable, based on user choices, to dynamically visualize and study the intensity of urban mass transport in Přerov city. Its setting includes viewed lines, day, start time, acceleration and underlying layers. Resulting animations in Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) format can be driven by simple controls in user interface. The article demonstrates the potential of this application to incorporate cartographical animations in an urban transport research.
KEY WORDS: urban mass transport – cartographic animation – web cartography.
D. Konečný: Map support of winter road maintenance. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 114, 3, pp. 218–229 (2009). – The aim of this paper is to present road weather information system and map sources which can be used by winter maintenance system operator to clarify his perception of road meteorological situation in order to be able to take well-founded decision while managing maintenance activities. Presently the so-called status map showing current warnings from road weather stations is the principal map in winter maintenance. In its new version displaying the map of any feature measured by outstations as well as layer handling and zooming will be available. Map outputs of the model forecasting the road condition and temperature are described in the last chapter.
Key words: winter road maintenance – status map – road surface status forecast.
Z. Kučera: Landscape in Czech geography and the problem of relevance of Anglo-American human geography approaches. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 114, 2, pp. 145–155 (2009). – The article is a response to the discussion on the concept of landscape in Czech geography initiated in No. 1 of Geografie–Sborník ČGS in 2008. This discussion has drawn attention on some possibilities for the future development of human geographic research on landscape in Czechia inspired by Anglo-American human geography. The aim of this article is to contribute to this discussion by presenting own place, time, culture and subject specific views of the conception of landscape in Anglo-American human geography and its past development as well as to suggest possible sources of inspiration for landscape research in Czech geography.
Key words: landscape – human geography – Anglo-American approaches – history of geography – historical geography – Czechia.
M. Kynčlová, T. Hudeček, J. D. Bláha: Assessment of cartographic outputs: analysis of mental maps of orienteering runners. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 114, 2, pp. 105–116 (2009). – The article deals with analysis of mental maps which were obtained by questioning athletes – orienteering runners. Using the prerequisite of measurability of their sports performance, it is possible to measure the accuracy of assessment methods of mental maps. Thirty mental maps were acquired via a two-section questionnaire; they were assessed with the help of two methods – frequency measurement and determined weights and criteria. The results of the first method were visualised using software into aggregated maps which enable an overall view. The second method provides individual point of view on each athlete and their performance abilities. Comparison of both methods proves the initial hypothesis.
Key words: mental maps – cartographic assessment – orienteering – aggregated maps.
P. Netrdová, V. Nosek: Approaches to measuring the relevance of geographical dimension of societa inequalities. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 114, 1, pp. 52–65 (2009). – The article focuses on geographical dimension of societal inequalities, especially on approaches to its analysing. Two distinct methods of analysing the relative geographical inequality are utilized: Theil index decomposition and spatial autocorrelation measured by Moran’s I coefficient. Both employed methods should bring, in theory, very similar information. This fact is explored empirically by comparing both methods and by their application on detailed economic, social and demographic data on municipalities in Czechia. Conclusions, predominantly of epistemological nature, are intended to assess advantages and limitations of individual methods and their possible application in practice.
KEY WORDS: societal inequalities – geographical dimension of societal inequalities – Theil index decomposition – spatial autocorrelation.
P. Švec, V. Hönig, M. Daniel, V. Danielová, L. Grubhoffer: Use of GIS for mapping of ticks and ticks transmitted pathogens in South Bohemia. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 114, 3, pp. 157–168 (2009). – Ticks and tick-borne diseases (TBD) represent a serious health risk in numerous European countries, including Czechia. The South Bohemian Region is a TBD high-risk area. The aims of the current project are: to map the distribution of ticks and tick-borne diseases in the South Bohemian Region, to identify the key factors determining their distribution and to use the obtained data for creation of a TBD risk prediction model. The current article deals with using of the geographic information system (GIS) for selection of localities for field work (tick collections, estimation of tick activity). Data sources and methods of their processing are described, examples of the main outputs are presented, further possibilities of GIS use in the project are outlined. The field work confirmed GIS analysis as an efficient approach to identifying of appropriate sites for field analysis of tick activity.
Key words: GIS – ticks – tick-borne encephalitis – mapping – Lyme borreliosis – ArcGIS.
P. Tuček, V. Pászto, V. Voženílek: Regular use of entropy for studying dissimilar geographical phenomena. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 114, 2, pp. 117–129 (2009). – The concept of entropy connected with GIS is relatively new. Its mathematical background was defined after World War II by Claude E. Shannon, well-known mathematician, electronic engineer and founder of information theory. Information theory deals with entropy as measure of information which every single message has. And thus entropy quantifies the amount of information in a message. The paper is based on entropy applications in cartography and demonstrates its usage as a measure of information in GIS. The authors provide an algorithm for setting number of intervals in thematic maps with using entropy calculations. Finally, the obtained knowledge is applied to sample datasets for creating climatic maps within GIS environment.
Key words: entropy – GIS – thematic maps – information rate.
Z. Žáková: Schematic maps of public transport system, their creation and utilising in geography of transport. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 114, 3, pp. 192–205 (2009). – The article presents basic rules for creating schematic maps of public transport systems. It is focused on the creation of map keys and their symbols and on utilising different styles of depicting public transport networks. It describes schematic map creation process and emphasizes factors, which influence selection of means of expression. The subsequent section of the article deals with the method for evaluating the quality of schematic maps. The method examines user-friendliness of a psychological method using a structured interview. The article also presents schematic maps as a useful method for cartographic presentation of research results in geography of transport.
Key words: schematic maps – schematization – map composition – means of expression.
O. Žíla: Successful returns of Bosnian refugees to their homes: statistics versus reality. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 114, 2, pp. 89–104 (2009). – The contemporary ethnic and demographic situation remains essentially affected by the process of the so-called forced migration caused by the war conflict in the 1990´s. The aim of this study is to analyse interpretation of success rate of Bosnian refugees repatriation on the basis of an analysis of component statistical materials issued by international organizations and local authorities and its comparison with the reality using in-field investigation. This method (comparing of statistic data and reality) can help as the only possible way (because of absence of any statistical census – the last one was carried out in 1991 before the disintegration of the Yugoslavia Federation) to give more general characteristics of the current ethno-demographic situation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and to evaluate the rate of the so-called minority return.
KEY WORDS: Bosnia and Herzegovina – forced migration – refugee repatriation – minority return – ethno-demographic changes – data material analysis UNHCR, OHR.
P. Žížalová, P. Csank: Are research, development and innovations key processes of uneven regional development? Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 114, 1, pp. 21–36 (2009). – Research, development and innovations (R&D&I) are widely considered as key factors enhancing economic development of both nations and regions. R&D&I activities are, however, strongly concentrated in few areas. Therefore, one might consider disparities in R&D potential and its exploitation as a crucial source of regional disparities. Nevertheless, analysing spatial patterns of R&D&I activities brings several obstacles. These consist particularly in limited data available for description of processes linked to the translation of R&D&I activities into economic growth. This paper intends to search for suitable data and indicators analysing microdata from statistical survey on R&D and for more accurate usage for them as their most often aggregate use might lead to inaccurate or misleading conclusions.
Key words: research and development – innovations – regional disparities – statistics.