Evolution of Quaternary river terraces related to the uplift of the central part of the Bohemian Massif. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 113, 3, pp. 205–222 (2008). – Fluvial sediments in the Vltava, Berounka, Sázava and Labe valleys are preserved as extensive river terrace sequences. These accumulation terraces originated from an interaction of climate-morphogenetic and neotectonic processes in the late Cenozoic. The palaeogeographical history of the central part of the Bohemian Massif is described. Geomorphological analysis of late Cenozoic fluvial sediments preserved in the Bohemian Massif confirm that in total 7 main terrace accumulations with several secondary levels can be differentiated. A chronostratigraphical scheme of erosion and accumulation periods and their relations to variable uplift rates in the late Cenozoic is suggested. The relative height of the oldest fluvial terraces above the present-day bottoms of river valleys is more than 100 m which indicates the approximate depth of erosion in the Quaternary.

KEY WORDS: palaeogeographical history – Quaternary geomorphology – river terraces – Bohemian Massif.

Balej Martin, Anděl Jiří, Oršulák Tomáš, Raška Pavel:

Development of environmental stress in the northwestern part of Czechia: new approaches and methods. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 113, 3, pp. 320–336 (2008). – This article deals with the theoretical background to environmental stress theory that includes a multivariables system of indicators and the application of such theory. The environmental stress lies at the intersection of the stressors in the subsystems of a landscape, that is: natural (e.g. relief topography, air, water, soil, and biota) and/or social (e.g. demographic and economic variables). The methodological concept used can be applied to other areas of study because of its broader spatial and functional applications. In comparison to other methodologies used to evaluate the anthropopressures on the landscape (those that monitor changes in land use), the environmental stress assessment is directed at locating ‘stressors’ beyond the study areas that can significantly impact on future studies.

KEY WORDS: environmental – stress – cultural landscape – northwestern Czechia.

Brázdil Rudolf, Zahradníček Pavel, Dobrovolný Petr, Kotyza Oldřich, Valášek Hubert:

Historical and recent viticulture as a source of climatological knowledge in the Czech Republic. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 113, 4, pp. 351–371 (2008). – The cultivation of the vine (Vinis vinifera) that yields grapes for wine manufacture is strongly influenced by the weather. This relationship enables the use of historical viticultural data (e.g., the start date of the grape harvest, notes on wine quality and quantity) for the reconstruction of temperatures and weather extremes in past times. This paper summarises the basics of the relationship between viticulture and climate in the Czech Lands. We compile historical observations before AD 1500 and for the 16th–18th centuries from various types of documentary evidence. The starting dates of the grape harvest in Znojmo for 1800–1890 are used for the reconstruction of April–August temperatures in Brno. The quality of the wine from Bzenec (1800–1890), Znojmo (1802–1845) and Bohutice (1861–1912) is analysed with respect to temperatures corresponding to excellent, good, average and bad wine. Times of flowering and grape harvest are compared with temperatures at the Velké Pavlovice station for the period 1956–2007 and 1984–2007, for various grape varieties.

KEY WORDS: vine – viticulture – vintage – grape harvest – wine quality – wine quantity – temperature reconstruction – weather extremes

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Havlíček Tomáš, Hupková Martina:

Religious landscape in Czechia: new structures and trends. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 113, 3, pp. 302–319 (2008). – The intent of this paper is to analyse trends and processes in the religious landscape in Czechia during the transformation period. In Czechia, society has been secularized to an extent unprecedented in the rest of Europe. The paper also uses the term sacralization of landscape, which is primarily connected with the restoration of sacred places. It has often been used in this context after 1989, creating a certain contradiction to the general trend of secularisation in Czech society and to the diversification, near disintegration, of religious communities. This research attempts to monitor the main reasons for the transformation of sacral objects as well as to seek fundamental consequences of these changes with the examples of select locations.

KEY WORDS: geography of religion – Czechia – religious landscape – transformation.

Hendrych Tomáš, Hynek Alois:

The Acoustic Typology of Landscape. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 113, 2, pp. 183–194 (2008). – Landscape acoustics is nothing new for zoologists – their research is well known. However, other landscape specialists, including geographers, prefer to visualize landscape both in material and spiritual concepts. At the same time, landscape is a source and a consumer of sound and environmentalists emphasize the role of noise in it from the point of environmental pollution. Landscape acoustics could be intended on diffraction, refraction, reflection, interference and absorption of sound in landscape produced by various agents, e.g. animals, humans, water, electricity etc. Landscape acts as modulator, music body in the style of hard/art/punk rock bands of geo/bio physical anthropogenous origin from a quiet landscape via natural beauty echo to silence in landscape. Maybe silence is the target of many urban residents searching it in rural landscape. The Czech debate on landscape character could include the issue of landscape acoustics. Cultural geographers are welcome.

KEY WORDS: landscape acoustics – landscape acoustical component – acoustical landscape appreciation – acoustical landscape types – antropophony – biophony – geophony – sound in the landscape.

Hudeček Tomáš:

Model of time accessibility by individual car transportation. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 113, 2, pp. 140–153 (2008). – The article deals with accessibility of individual car transportation. It uses the GIS approach to focus on development of an accessibility model and on three main related issues: digital model of road network, factors influencing average speed and discussion on average speed. Two digital models were done for the territory of Czechia for the years of 1991 and 2001 censi, i.e. before and after the transformation. The aim is to find out what changes occurred during the transformation and to use them in other geographical analyses. Two maps with isochronic surfaces are enclosed to demonstrate the functionality of the models.

KEY WORDS: accessibility – GIS – network analysis – time-space transformation.

Janásková Barbora:

Impact of snow conditions on selected periglacial landforms in the eastern part of the Krkonoše Mountains. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 113, 2, pp. 154–172 (2008). – The paper deals with the influence of snow conditions on periglacial landforms. The research was carried out on four study sites in the summit parts of the Krkonoše Mountains with occurrence of recently active periglacial landforms (solifluction lobes, ploughing blocks, peat hummocks and sorted circles). Depth and duration of snow cover were measured there two years. Regularities in snow distribution were evaluated and compared with the position of selected periglacial landforms. The results prove that there is a close relationship between the low snow cover and occurrence of sorted circles and that the distribution of peat hummocks has not any connection with snow cover. Relationships between solifluction lobes and ploughing blocks and snow were rather ambiguous.

KEY WORDS: snow cover – periglacial forms – Krkonoše – Czechia.

Jančák Vít, Havlíček Tomáš, Chromý Pavel, Marada Miroslav:

Regional Differentiation of Selected Conditions for the Development of Human and Social Capitol in Czechia. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 113, 3, pp. 269–284 (2008). – This article addresses the analysis of theoretical and methodological concepts of the quality of human and social capital and their relation to the theory of spatial polarisation. Selected conditions for the development of human and social capital and their territorial differentiation in Czechia are evaluated. On the basis of an evaluation of component indicators of human capital (the ratio of university educated residents in the population over 15 years of age as well as an economic burden index) and social capital (voter participation in municipal elections and the number of candidates divided by the number of offices to be filled in the 2006 municipal elections) problematic areas are identified at a micro-regional level (the network of municipalities having a certified municipal authority).

KEY WORDS: human capital – social capital – potential development – rural areas – periphery – regional differentiation – Czechia.

Janský Bohumír, Kocum Jan:

Peat bogs influence on runoff process: case study of the Vydra and Křemelná River basins in the Bohemian Forest, southwestern Czechia. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 113, 4, pp. 383–399 (2008). – Specific part of wide complex of preventive measures against floods and extreme droughts could be procedures realized in river headstream areas. In order to increase a water retention in headwaters the detailed analysis of peat bogs hydrological function needs to be carried out. Suitable conditions for the research realization at present is related to an existence of several automatic water level gauges and utilization of modern equipment and methods in experimental catchments of the Otava River headstream area (Bohemian Forest, southwestern Czechia), representing the core zone of a number of extreme floods in Central Europe. Thorough analyses of extreme runoff phases show more distinct discharge variability of streams draining peat land localities. For the retention potential assessment the detailed measurement of potential accumulation reservoirs, bathymetric mapping of bog pools and the detailed analysis of snow conditions as an important component of a rainfall-runoff process in headwaters is being pursued. The final part of the paper is consisted of suggestions of several unforceable measures implementation that could contribute to reduction of peak flows and to increase of water resources during extreme droughts in future.

KEY WORDS: retention potential – headstream area – flood protection – upper Otava River basin – runoff variability – drought – peat bogs hydrological function.

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Jungwiertová Lucie:

Barriers of regional development: application of evolution biology concepts. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 113, 2, pp. 105–124 (2008). – The paper tries to explore the socio-economic barriers of new developmental trajectories of regional specialization, innovations or information flows. It is presumed that structures and mechanisms developed originally to support regional specialization or innovations dispersion during the path dependence process operate in a side-effect as socio-economic barriers, in analogy to the evolutionary process of speciation and especially to the concept of reproductive isolation mechanisms. The biological concept of reproductive isolation mechanisms and its way of classification seem to provide some inspiring aspects for identification of socio-economic barriers, their classification and creation of a theoretical framework that is applied to some case studies linked with path dependence process.

KEY WORDS: regional development – evolution biology – barriers – Czechia.

Klimeš Jan:

Use of the deterministic approach for the landslide susceptibility mapping, Vsetínské vrchy Highland, Czechia. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 113, 1, pp. 48–60 (2008). – The work is seeking accurate spatial prediction of shallow landslide occurrence on regional scale, through field mapping of present day landslide activity and identifying the most susceptible parts of the study area by the means of the SINMAP susceptibility model. The SINMAP ArcView extension is also used to characterize shallow landslide and to study conditions for their spatial occurrence. The study area lays in the Outer Western Carpathians east of the city of Vsetín and it was subject of an avalanche like occurrence of mostly shallow landslides during the floods caused by heavy rains between the 4th and 8th and between the 17th and 21st of July, 1997.

KEY WORDS: susceptibility mapping – landslides – SINMAP – flysh Carpathians.

Kuldová Silvie:

The image of geography in educational documents: contribution to the debate on the revised text of the International Charter on Geographical Education. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 113, 1, pp. 61–73 (2008). – The aim of the article is a brief presentation of the content of The International Charter on Geographical Education, Revised 2006 Edition, to sketch selected controversial parts of the draft and thus to stimulate a wider debate on this important geographical document in Czechia. The article focuses on the following questions: 1. Which functions and educational aims are put in geography by the revised edition of the Charter and which image of the geographical branch is offered to the society in this way? 2. Whether and how this image is different from the current dominant paradigm in the geographical discipline.

KEY WORDS: geographical education – subject didactics – International Charter on Geographical Education – environmental and development education.

Kundzewicz Zbigniew W., Józefczyk Damian:

Temperature-related climate extremes in the Potsdam observation record. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 113, 4, pp. 372–382 (2008). – This paper examines temperature-related climate extremes in the unique long-term gap-free record at the Secular Meteorological Station in Potsdam. Increasing tendencies in daily minimum temperature in winter and daily maximum temperature in summer, as well as monthly means of daily minimum temperatures in winter months and of daily maximum temperatures in summer months are illustrated. Also the numbers of hot days and of summer days (with maximum daily temperature exceeding 30 °C and 25 °C, respectively) have been increasing. In agreement with warming of winter minimum temperatures, the numbers of frost days (with minimum daily temperature below 0 °C) and of ice days (with maximum daily temperature below 0 °C) have been decreasing. However, low correlation coefficient and huge scatter illustrate strong natural variability, so that the occurrence of extremes departs from the general underlying tendency.

KEY WORDS: climate extremes – climate variability – climate change – temperature – trend.

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Langhammer Jakub, Sitař Jan:

Modelling the impact of anthropogenic modifications to river channels on the course of extreme floods. Case study: August 2002 flood, Blanice River basin, Czechia. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 113, 3, pp. 237–252 (2008). – This paper presents the results of analysis of the impact of anthropogenic modifications to river channels on the course of floods by means of hydraulic modelling. The study is focused on the quantitative analysis of changes of the flow dynamics in the river bed and in the inundation zone due to river network modifications. The one-dimensional hydraulic model HEC-RAS coupled with GIS is used to simulate the effect of the river channel changes on the course of extreme flood. The analysis is made on the example of the extreme flood in August 2002 on the down course of Blanice River in Czechia. The results of the simulations proved that the common anthropogenic modifications of river channel have only a minimum impact on the overall course of extreme floods. At the local level, weirs and unsuitably dimensioned bridges have a negative impact on the course of floods. The simulations also showed a negative impact of extensive complex modifications of the river bed, performed in the lower course of Blanice River in the first half of the 20th century. However, the overall impact of common types of river channel modifications on peak flows and water levels in the culmination is negligible.

KEY WORDS: floods – modelling – hydrological extremes – floodplain – stream modifications.

Matoušková Milada:

Assessment of the river habitat quality within European Water Framework Directive: Application to different catchments in Czechia. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 113, 3, pp. 223–236 (2008). – The paper presents the method of ecomorphological assessment of river habitat quality EcoRivHab, based on field mapping with possible usage of distance data. EcoRivHab is a tool used to assess the state of streams which lays an emphasis on hydromorphological characteristics of channel, ecohydrological state of the riparian belt and flood plain. Definition of the local reference state of the river habitat in the given physiographic region serves as a precondition. Overall ecohydrological state is characterized by five degrees (ES I.–V.), characterizing the state of the watercourse in the context of the EC Water Framework Directive. The goal of this research was to assess the ecohydromorphological state of selected catchments in Czechia, representing varied relief types, and at the same, representing landscape with differing degrees of anthropogenic impact.

KEY WORDS: EcoRivHab – river habitat – ecohydrological principles – ecomorphological assessment – reference state – Czechia.

Marada Miroslav:

Transport and geographic organization of society: Case study of Czechia. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 113, 3, pp. 285–301 (2008). – This article seeks a solution to the mutual association of transport and the complex hierarchy of selected Czech settlements. Evaluation of 144 centres of micro-regional and separately of 12 centres with meso-regional importance was based on public and automobile transport and complex importance indicators. The mutual “closeness” of hierarchies according to the various indicators used was evaluated by a correlation analysis, the level of hierarchization is distinguished with help of rang size rule.

KEY WORDS: hierarchy – public transport – automobile transport – complex importance – settlement centres.

Migoń Piotr:

Main features of geomorphology of the Sudetes re-assessed in the light of digital elevation model. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 113, 4, pp. 400–416 (2008). – The Sudetes as a geomorphological region are distinguished by complicated spatial pattern of high- and low-altitude terrains and variable mean slope gradients across the range. Several conceptual models have been proposed to account for this variability, emphasizing the significance of planation surfaces, intramontane basins, climate-controlled landform generations, or differential uplift and subsidence. An analysis of a digital elevation model and maps derived from the model have allowed for re-assessment of some of those hypotheses and concepts. It confirms that differential tectonics explains best the morphological layout of the Sudetes, but its effects are superimposed on a variety of rock – landform relationships. Neither the model emphasizing the occurrence of tiered levels of relict planation surfaces, nor one assuming the widespread existence of distinctive landforms of tropical morphogenesis find support in the light of region-wide DEM analysis. The general landform pattern of the western part of the Sudetes differs from the one in the eastern part, the difference being the abundance of intramontane basins in the former.

KEY WORDS: mountain geomorphology – DEM – geodynamics – Sudetes.

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Riezner Jiří:

“Strip semibocage“landscape character type of the Jeseník area. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 113, 2, pp. 173–182 (2008). – The article deals with landscape character assessment using the example of the Jeseník area (in north-eastern Czechia). Significant landscape features (relief, settlement type, land use, agrarian landforms and their vegetation) were identified and described and their interactions discovered. The landscape character type of the study area, i.e. “strip semibocage”, was identified by combination of significant landscape characteristics. Areas of this landscape character type in the geomorphological unit Jesenická podsoustava subsystem were mapped.

KEY WORDS: landscape character type – significant landscape features – Jeseník area – “strip semibocage“.

Smejkal Miroslav:

Regional development programme: unwanted child or useful helper? – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 113, 1, pp. 34–47 (2008). – This paper focuses on analysis of development programmes of regions in Czechia. In the process of designing the regional development policy the regions specify their development priorities and the ways to implement them. The regional development programmes should mirror this process. The programmes are analysed in 3 steps; (i) the quantitative identification of differences and common attributes in the structure of programmes, (ii) the analysis of quality of programmes by means of a check-list of 22 questions, (iii) the interpretation of results of interviewing officials in charge at Regional Offices. Finally, recommendations for a better quality of programmes and thus for a better setting-up and implementation of regional development policy are proposed.

KEY WORDS: development programmes of regions – analysis of quality of programmes – interviewing officials – Czechia.

Spurná Pavlína:

Geographically weighted regression: method for analysing spatial non-stationarity of geographical phenomenon. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 113, 2, pp. 125–139 (2008). – The article deals with one of the new quantitative method used in geography, geographically weighted regression (GWR). This method is based on the premise that relationships between variables might not be constant across the study area and explores this phenomenon called spatial non-stationarity. Using the GWR technique to study voting behaviour in Czechia in the parliamentary election in 2002, it is evident that there is a significant difference between the linear regression and GWR models. The examples highlight the relevance and usefulness of GWR and show how it can improve geographical research and potentially also our understanding of geographical processes.

KEY WORDS: geographically weighted regression – quantitative methods – spatial analysis – parliamentary elections.

Šefrna Luděk, Previtali Franco, Comolli Roberto, Cantelli Davide, Zdravkovič Mirjana:

Trace elements in soils in the northern and the central Tian-shan (Kazakhstan – Kyrgyzstan). – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 113, 3, pp. 253–268 (2008). – The present paper examines and compares heavy metal contents in soils from two altitudinal sequences in the northern and the central Tian-Shan mountains. The soil horizons of 11 sites were described, sampled, analysed, interpreted and classified. Results show that pedological processes similar to those responsible for the development of steppe chernozems are active even at very high elevations. This is probably in part due to the presence of blankets of aeolian silt deposited recently and in the past.

In order to verify the degree of accumulation and possible ecotoxicity, the distribution and mobility of Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Ni within soil profiles were checked. Relationships among elements and other pedological parameters, such as organic carbon content, pH, texture, etc., were investigated. Lastly, the possible risk of contamination was assessed.
KEY WORDS: trace elements – soils – Tian-Shan – taxonomy.

Wanner Heinz, Bütikofer Jonathan:

Holocene Bond Cycles: real or imaginary? – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 113, 4, pp. 338–350 (2008). – During the Holocene (last 12,000 years) nine cold relapses were observed mainly in the North Atlantic Ocean area and its surroundings. Based on the pioneering studies by Bond et al. (1997, 2001) these events are called Bond Cycles and thought to be the Holocene equivalents of the Pleistocene Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles. The first event was the Younger Dryas (~12,000 BP; Broecker 2006), the last one was the Little Ice Age (AD 1350–1860; Grove 1988). A number of trigger mechanisms is discussed (see Table 1), but a theory for the Bond Cycles does not exist. Based on spectral analyses of both, forcing factors and climatological time series, we argue that one single process did likely not cause the Holocene cooling events. It is conceivable that the early Holocene coolings were triggered by meltwater pulses. However, the late Holocene events (e.g., the Little Ice Age) were rather caused by a combination of different trigger mechanisms. In every case it has to be taken in mind that natural variability was also playing a decisive role.

KEY WORDS: Holocene – Bond Cycles – spectral analysis – triggering processes – Little Ice Age

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Wernerová Marie:

Perception of attractiveness and image of regional cities in Czechia on the example of university students in České Budějovice and Ústí nad Labem. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 113, 1, pp. 20–33 (2008). – This article deals with perceptions and spatial preferences of people. The main aim is to find out how university students perceive and evaluate attractiveness and image of regional cities of Czechia. The research is based on a questionnaire inquiry made in the cities of České Budějovice and Ústí nad Labem during March and April 2006. Three key thematic fields are examined – work, residential and recreational preferences. The results of the survey are further compared with an objective ranking composed of a group of socio-economic indicators. It was proved that perception of attractiveness is in reality influenced by subjective factors and therefore preference behaviour of students is different from the results of an objective evaluation.

KEY WORDS: spatial preferences – perceptions – attractiveness and image of the city – university students.

Ženka Jan:

Risk of delocalization of manufacturing industry in Czechia: regional aspects. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 113, 1, pp. 1–19 (2008). – This paper examines international relocation determinants of Czech manufacturing companies in order to estimate the probability of potential delocalizations. The research is based on statistical evaluation of “internal keep-factors” (particular company features strengthening the location inertia of manufacturing), which are divided into three main groups – capital intensity, complexity of value chain and business sophistication. Keep-factors, represented by six financial indicators, were examined on the company level. The sample covers 692 Czech manufacturing companies (foreign owned) with one hundred or more employees. The main goal is to identify regions threatened by delocalization, which is caused by high-level concentration of “footloose” companies.

KEY WORDS: international relocation – manufacturing – location inertia.

Geoecological regularities of landscape use. Case study from the source area of the Konopišťský Potok brook. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 112, 1, pp. 33–47 (2007). – The paper deals with the topic of landscape use and its relations to natural and societal conditions of the landscape. The problem has been solved as a case study on the example of the upper part of the catchment of the Konopišťský Potok brook in the Central Bohemian Highland. The catchment under investigation of the total area of about 15 sq. km is situated 60 km south of Prague. Land use of the whole model territory has been mapped in the field on the scale 1:10 000. Based on the detailed mapping and knowledge of the natural (physicogeographic) conditions, geoecological regularities and relations of present land use to natural conditions valid in the model area have been derived. Consequently, geological, geomorphological, soil, hydrological and biotic factors influencing current land use have been assessed and described both separately and in mutual combinations and relations.

Key words: geoecology – land use – cultural landscape – natural conditions.

ČEKAL Jiří:

Demarcation of migration regions in the context of changes of the main functions of migration (on example of the South Bohemian region). – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 112, 4, pp. 361–372 (2007). – The importance of the de-concentrative function of migration processes rises in Czechia lately, especially in connection with suburbanization development. Thus, a projection of this trend to methodology of demarcation of migration regions comes forward. The main objective of this contribution is a comparison of results of migration regionalization of the model area of the South Bohemian region, which was realized by two methods. The first one reflects traditional basic functions of migration (concentrative and integrative), the second one respects the above-mentioned newer de-concentrative tendencies of migration flows.

KEY WORDS: migration regions – functions of migration – the South Bohemian region.

DRBOHLAV Dušan, DZÚROVÁ Dagmar, ČERNÍK Jan:

Integration of foreigners, pupils of elementary and secondary schools, into the Czech society: example of Prague. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 112, 2, pp. 161–184 (2007). – This contribution deals with foreign immigrant children/youths and their integration into the Czech society; this issue being so far been rather terra incognita in Czechia. The paper brings results of a research on the integration process of two groups of foreign children/youths. Data/information come from a questionnaire survey in 13 selected schools (a sort of quota sampling method was applied). Altogether 45 post-Soviets (mostly Russians and Ukrainians) and 35 Asians (Vietnamese and Chinese) aged between 10 and 18 who migrated to Czechia in the years 1991–2001, i.e. the so called ”1.5 generation“, and currently live and attend basic or secondary schools in Prague were contacted. A control group of 47 Czech pupils/students was juxtaposed to the given foreigners. The data were analysed by Chi-square test, correlate analysis and factor analyses and the whole set of various aspects related to immigrants´ integration into the Czech society (from their success in schools to their complex satisfaction with their integration into the in Czech society) are presented and commented upon.

KEY WORDS: integration – Czechia – Post-Soviets – Vietnamese – Chinese – immigrant children/youths – ”1.5 generation“ – quantitative analysis.

DRBOHLAV Dušan, UHEREK Zdeněk:

Reflection on Migration Theories. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 112, 2, pp. 125–141 (2007). – This contribution concentrates upon three main tasks, i.e. to introduce some basic and often rather problematic aspects that are tied to creation and application of migration theories, to briefly describe and explain selected important migration theories/concepts as they developed in the course of time and to discuss a dichotomy between micro and macro approaches while pinpointing problems and challenges that follow from only a partial reflection of a “complex migratory reality“. While contributing to improving “conceptualization“ of migratory theory building activities, the authors pinpointed the importance to work on new typologies of migration while structuring migratory reality by following differentiating dimensions: 1. “Spatial-administration scale“ (internal versus international migration movements), 2. “Analytical scale“ – “micro“ (individual) versus “macro“ (structures) approaches and 3. Developmental aspect (industrial versus post-industrial era).

KEY WORDS: migration theories/concepts – integration – description – explanation – critical assessment.

ILÍK Jan, OUŘEDNÍČEK Martin:

Karlín and its changes in the context of post-socialist transformation of Prague. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 112, 3, pp. 292–314 (2007). – The trends of post-socialist transformation in the inner city are described and illustrated in the case study of Karlín. At present, this area is going through a radical reconstruction and changes of spatial structure. The main aim of this analysis is to identify the processes which have changed this structure and to reveal the main mechanisms which underlie these changes. Attention is paid to the roles of the participants involved in the new development as well. Changes of partial components of spatial structures were observed through interviews, fieldwork and statistical data analyses.

Key words: regeneration – inner city – Prague – post-socialist transformation.

JANSKÁ Eva:

Adaptation/integration of immigrants into majority society: the second generation of foreigners and of their parents in Czechia. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 112, 2, pp. 142–160 (2007). – This contribution deals with the new phenomenom of preschool immigrant children in Czechia after 1990. It focuses on social, economic, cultural and ethnic characteristics of children´s parents and on language knowledge and adaptation of children of immigrants in the major society. The paper is based on a quota sample survey conducted in the framework of a Grant Agency project in the Czech Republic in school years 2003/2004 and 2004/2005. The main goals of this contribution is to ascertain what way of inclusion into the Czech society the given immigrant groups practice. There are also discussed factors influencing integration of migrant families into the major society, as well as their willingness to stay in Czechia permanently.

Key words: immigration – integration – assimilation – second generation.

KABRDA Jan, JANČÁK Vít:

Impact of selected political and institutional factors on Czech agriculture and landscape. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 112, 1, pp. 48–60 (2007). – In this article, we focused on the influence of two institutional factors – EU subsidies and supports, and system of ownership and lease of agricultural land – on the state and changes of agriculture and land use in Czechia after its accession to the EU in 2004. This assessment was based on a series of questionnaires and interviews with farmers and other actors involved, conducted recently in two model regions: Český Brod in the fertile lowland of Central Bohemia; and Sněžné in less favoured natural conditions of the Bohemian-Moravian Highland. Firstly, we concentrated on market conditions, economic viability and effects of and problems related to the system of supports and subsidies destined for the Czech agricultural sector after 2004. Special attention was devoted to grassing. Secondly, we discussed the contrast between ownership and use of land – the fact, most of the Czech agricultural land is currently leased. We tried to define negative effects of this fact, both for farming and for landscape – e.g. uncertainty about the future, unwillingness to invest into leased plots, or weak relationship of farmers to land.

Key words: agriculture – subsidies – landscape – land ownership – land lease – Czechia – Český Brod – Sněžné

KŘÍŽEK Marek, TREML Václav, ENGEL Zbyněk:

Lithologic predisposition, morphology, and spatial distribution of patterned grounds above alpine timberline in the High Sudetes. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 112, 4, pp. 373–387 (2007). – It is evident that morphology and location of the patterned ground of the High Sudetes are significantly dependent on lithological conditions. Additional impact has also extreme location, respectively extend of its deflation. The occurrence of sorted polygons is dependent particularly on quartzite; earth hummocks prefer rocks offering fine-grained/small-grained waste. Sorted polygons reach the largest horizontal sizes among all kinds of patterned grounds, the smallest then earth hummocks. Many temporary forms among all kinds of patterned grounds exist in the High Sudetes which is due to their polycyclic, respectively polygenetic evolution.

Key words: lithology – morphology – Czechia – High Sudetes.

KUČERA Zdeněk:

Settlement and municipality: fundamental terms in geography of settlements and their relationship. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 112, 1, pp. 84–94 (2007). – Settlement and municipality are fundamental terms in geography of settlements, which are often identified or interchanged. Their meaning and relationship are analysed in the article with using different sources. A settlement is an inseparable part of cultural landscape and a landscape unit with certain physiognomy in particular. A municipality is an abstract societal unit. Settlement organization within the system of settlements is the image and product of human activity in certain landscape, whereas character and number of municipalities are the image and product of spatial organization of society.

Key words: settlement – municipality – cultural landscape – landscape unit.

LACHMANOVÁ Lenka:

Development and effectiveness of models of immigrant integration: the case of Austria, France and the Netherlands. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 112, 2, pp. 221–236 (2007). – This paper deals with contemporary relevance of the classical typology of “integration models” in the case of Austria, France and the Netherlands. Based on the latest development in the field of integration policy, it shows great changes in integration approaches and thus queries the validity of integration typology for these countries. It tries furthermore to compare the level of integration of immigrant population in order to confront the effectiveness of different states´ approaches to the process of immigrant integration.

Key words: integration policy – models of integration – immigration – indicators of integration.

LIPSKÝ Zdeněk, ROMPORTL Dušan:

Landscape typology in Czechia and abroad: state of the art, methods and theoretical basis. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 112, 1, pp. 61–83 (2007). – The main goal of this paper is to introduce the importance of landscape typology in present times when many landscapes are exposed to dynamic human impacts such as land use changes, urbanization, intensive agriculture, forestry or industrialization. Different approaches to landscape typology in Czechia and other European countries as well as relations of landscape typology to landscape character assessment and the European Landscape Convention are discussed. A requirement of a new exact and applicable landscape typology is a great challenge for Czech geographers.

KEY WORDS: landscape typology – types of natural landscapes – types of cultural landscapes – division – Czechia.

NOVOTNÝ Josef, JANSKÁ Eva, ČERMÁKOVÁ Dita:

Spatial distribution of immigrants in Czechia and its influencing factors: an attempt at quantitative analysis. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 112, 2, pp. 204–220 (2007). – This paper focuses on spatial distribution of immigrants in districts of Czechia. Firstly, a brief description of the distribution is given with respect to the main groups of immigrants according to their citizenship. Then we examine the issue empirically by correlation and regression analyses trying to find out which factors explain the immigrants’ distribution. A significant relationship has been found between geographical macro-position of districts and both the absolute numbers and relative shares of foreigners in population. Interestingly, the factor of settlement hierarchy is significant only for the absolute numbers of immigrants. In addition, factors such as aggregate economic level and unemployment rate have not been found significant when controlling for other factors. A question for further research is the relationship that has been indicated between both the characteristics of foreigners’ distribution and the level of criminality.

Key words: distribution of immigrants in Czechia – socio-economic factors – correlation and regression analysis.

PAPOUŠKOVÁ Radka:

Migration for studies: foreign students at the University of Economics, Prague. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 112, 2, pp. 185–203 (2007). – The article deals with international migration for educational purposes in Czechia. Czechia receives an increasing number of foreign students mainly from Slovakia, Russia, the Ukraine and Belarus who come to study bachelor and master programmes in the Czech language. The share of foreign students in the total student population in Czechia is 6.2 % (2004–2005). The survey based on electronic questionnaire was performed among foreign students at the University of Economics, Prague in spring 2006 with the objective to confirm the hypothesis on motivation for studying in Czechia and plans after graduation. The first part of the article briefly summarizes theoretical and empirical findings and the second part analyses the survey results.

Key words: international migration – student migration – motivation for study abroad – foreign students in Czechia.

POLÍVKA Jan:

Sociální diferenciace v prostoru pražských subcenter. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 112, 3, pp. 266–291 (2007). – On the example of three Prague subcentres Budějovická, Pankrác and Smíchov this paper analyses the structure of socially stratified environment of secondary city centres in Prague. The development is discussed within the context of requirements upon the public space in the stage of tertiarization and post-socialist transformation of the urban society. The influx of investments into the local environment of city centres is changing the space patterns and causes changes in the social structure of users. As result, the area of centres is split into functional entities with different social constituency. An active role of public administration is important for preservation of city-centre functionality for most inhabitants of the city.

KEY WORDS: social differentiation – city centre – functions of urban space.

SÝKORA Luděk, POSOVÁ Darina:

Specificities of suburbanization in post-socialist context: new housing construction in metropolitan region of Prague 1997–2005. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 112, 3, pp. 334–356 (2007). – The article analyses residential suburbanisation in Prague metropolitan region using data about new housing construction in the period of 1997–2005. Findings show that despite suburban areas account for large share of newly constructed housing, its majority is built within the compact city. Large share of new housing construction in the compact city indicates the vitality and strength of urban alternatives to suburbanisation. In addition, the paper illustrates the strengthening position of Prague metropolitan area within the country and discuses characteristics of new housing construction in the relation to the increasing distance from the city centre.

Key words: post-socialist city – suburbanisation – housing construction – metropolitan region – Prague.

ŘEHÁK Stanislav:

In this country, in these countries? – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 112, 1, pp. 95–105 (2007). – The subhead of this essay could be “Comparative regional-geographical wander around France and Czech countries”. The authors points out that in Czech geographical terminology the term country is ambiguous. Especially historical countries Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia have always had timeless applicability; on their long-term existence and on their historical symbols are based also the statehood of the Czech Republic and its symbols. Unfortunately, historical countries are not respected in any way by the territorial administrative division, although their size (NUTS 1) is suitable also for the NUTS system. In this connection, the author compares the situation in Czechia to that in France, where long-term regional division was not much backed as well, but where the situation is now in general consolidated and the new level of French regions (after the reform of the 1960´s to 1980´s) has stimulated many of the historical regions. The author deals also with the extensive present French regional geographical literature and tries to indirectly inspire also Czech authors.

KEY Words: country – the Czech Republic –NUTS system – France.

SVOZIL Břetislav:

Changes of water level fluctuations of the Caspian Sea to the end of the 20th century. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 112, 4, pp. 406–423 (2007). – This article deals with problems of variability level of the Caspian Sea. It brings a historical overview with an accent put on the 20th century. It points out causes of the decrease and the lift of the Caspian Sea level, mentions causes as well as consequences of these phenomena. It also deals with prognosticating: it examines whether an erroneous prognosis can influence solution of the problem and whether can cause huge damages. And it also mentions non-periodical sea sway, increasing and decreasing water level fluctuations, which can cause short-time increases or decreases the Caspian Sea level, as well as the main causes of the Caspian Sea variability level, formulation of prognoses and impacts of the level fluctuation.

KEY WORDS: Caspian Sea – water level fluctuation –Kara-Bogaz-Gol Bay – water balance prediction.

SÝKORA Luděk, SÝKOROVÁ Ivana:

Growth and decline of metropolis: a perennial theme in urban research. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 112, 3, pp. 237–249 (2007). – The paper presents an overview of main themes and concepts that have shaped debates about urban growth and decline since 1920s. It begins with the growth of cities and metropolitan areas and their internal differentiation. In the further part, uneven development, deindustrialization, spatial divisions of labor and globalization are linked to social polarization, new urban cleavages and localities of growth and decline within contemporary cities. Final part touches upon current discussion about continuity and change and chaos or order in urban development patterns.

Key words: city – metropolitan area – decline – growth – restructuralization – uneven development.

SÝKOROVÁ Ivana:

Prague brownfields: oportunity and threat for the development of the capital city. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 112, 3, pp. 250–265 (2007). – Brownfields belong to the major urban problems in Czechia. These derelict areas are characterized by decayed, abandoned buildings and sometimes by contaminated soil. This article provides an analysis of brownfields in Prague. First, I introduce brownfields as declining areas that have at the same time a great growth potential for the city development. Second, I present the main characteristics of Prague brownfields based on findings from a field survey conducted in 2005-6. The paper concludes by a brief summary and assessment of advantages and drawbacks of brownfields existence and of their potential regeneration for the contemporary urban development in Prague. The capital city of Prague has not suffered as much as other cities and regions in Czechia due to its different structure of economy, its position as the national control and command centre and a gateway linking the country with the world economy.

Key words: brownfields – urban decline – regeneration – Prague.

TEMELOVÁ Jana, NOVÁK Jakub:

From industrial neighbourhood to modern urban centre: transformation in physical and functional environment of central Smíchov. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 112, 3, pp. 315–333 (2007). – The paper takes the example of central Smíchov in Prague to study transformation of the traditional industrial inner city neighbourhood into a modern urban centre. From the theoretical point of view we interpret the ongoing changes as a combination of the general deindustrialization trend and the locally specific post-socialist political and economic transition. Recently, central Smíchov experienced a dramatic physical and functional regeneration. However, some areas stand aside this dynamic development. Dilapidated physical environment and concentration of poor residents and low-profit functions characterize the zones along transport-intensive communications. To achieve a balanced development of central Smíchov, it is important to maintain the existing functional diversity and to preserve particular identity of this place derived from its industrial history.

KEY WORDS: regeneration – inner city – functional and physical transformation.

TOMÁNKOVÁ Veronika:

Differentiated Support of the EU Enlargement in the Public Opinion: a Multivariate LISREL Analysis. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 112, 1, pp. 1–16 (2007). – This paper provides an analysis of the public opinion in the EU countries concerning further enlargement. Public opinion plays an important role in the current integration processes and is an integral part of the research concerning the European Union. The differentiation in the support for the EU enlargement across 25 countries can be explained by the multivariate LISREL (linear structural equations) analysis that makes possible to identify a causal system through the explanatory model. The model includes structural and public opinion variables in the set of the twenty-five EU member states. Multivariate statistical analysis shows a low public opinion support for the EU enlargement in rich states and, on the other hand, a clear support in a group of post-communist member states.

Key words: European Union – public opinion – enlargement/deepening.

VANÍČKOVÁ Eva:

Geomorphological evolution (development) of the Divoká Orlice valley in the Zemská brána area. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 112, 4, pp. 388–405 (2007). – Geomorphological analysis suggests that the canon shaped valley of the Divoká Orlice River in the southern part of the Orlické hory Mountains is both epigenetic and of antecedent origin. The findings of morphostructural and climate-morphogenetic relief features enable to ascertain the main stages of the geomorphological evolution of the Zemská brána area in the Late Cainozoic. It varied landforms originated by denudation and erosion, but they have conspicous features of morphostructural and neotectonic patterns.

KEY WORDS: geomorphology – Divoká Orlice river – Orlické hory Mountains.

Comparative analyses of the floods in Prague (Czechia) and in Sevilla (Spain): Seen from the geographical viewpoint. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 111, 1, pp. 326–340 (2006). – The urbanization pressure upon the areas originally endangered by floods has increased, creating a new imbalance between the city and the river. The relationship to the various strategies that are being used to prevent the predictable flood risk in Prague and Sevilla, constitute the main topics of the following article. Authors analyze two very different drainage systems – the Vltava river in Czechia with temprate snow-rain climate versus Guadalquivir river in the south of Spain with subtropical rain climate. Te general hydrological properties will be compared as well as the highly different morphohydrology of the specific flood areas close to the cities of Sevilla and Prague.

KEY WORDS: flood risk – hydrology – Vltava river – Guadalquivir river – comparative analysis – historical floods – flood protection strategies

BIČÍK Ivan, KUPKOVÁ Lucie:

Changes of land use in Prague urban region. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 111, 1, pp. 92–114 (2006). – Land use changes in Prague urban regional (the capital – Prague, the Prague-East and the Prague-West districts) are evaluated in the article in the time period of 1845-2000 and that is done on the data basis of the land use structure in the years 1845, 1948, 1990 and 2000. The evaluated time horizons are historical milestones in social development of Czechia, the stress is put on the last ten-year land use development. The intensity of occured changes is analysed through the index of change, the typology of main landscape processes in individual partial phases of the evaluated period is analyzed further. The cadastral territory of Čestlice was selected as a case study, in which the comparison of land use structure in the years 1845 (reconstruction from cadastral maps) and 2003 (filed mapping itself) was carried out in details.

KEY WORDS: land use – landscape processes – interaction nature and society – Prague urban region – Czechia.

DOBROVOLNÝ Petr, KEPRTOVÁ Kateřina:

Spatial analysis of damage caused by strong winds and gales in the Czech lands since ad 1500. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 111, 1, pp. 51–69 (2006). – The aim of this article is an analysis of the spatial distribution of places with damage done by gales and windstorms in Czechia in the course of the last 500 years. Descriptive documentary data derived from historical climatology are used for this analysis and the specific features contained within these data are mentioned. Using ArcGIS tools, thematic maps of the locations damaged by gales for each century are presented and the spatial distribution of the places is characterized. This spatial distribution is connected to a large degree with the quantity and quality of available historical sources. However, spatial analysis enables the characterization of the most affected localities and also the most significant cases, “the windstorms of the century”.

Key words: spatial analysis – documentary evidence – windstorm – damage – Czechia.

HAMPL Martin:

Human geography: changes in thematic orientation and remaining initial problems of study. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 111, 4, pp. 382–400 (2006). – The contribution is dealing with two interrelated groups of problems. The first one is evaluation of changes in thematic orientation of Czech human geography, mainly after 1989. It is characterized by an increased interest in social problems, especially in connection with geographical analysis of post-totalitarian transformation. This observation is introduced by a short survey of changes of human geography paradigms worldwide after World War II. The second one includes key theoretical questions of the discipline which have not been solved yet. Possibilities of their explanation are discussed on the example of three problems: subject specification of human geography, existence and character of human geographic regularities and possibilities and limits of their explanation.

KEY WORDS: human geography – thematic orientation of research –subject, regularities and explanation in human geography.

HORÁK Jiří:

Transport accessibility evaluation. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 111, 1, pp. 115–132 (2006). – Theoretical means of accessibility measures are applied mainly for transport accessibility evaluation. Analyses of transport accessibility are usually based on data collected during census. Nevertheless its results for commuting are published with remarkable delays. Monitoring campaigns organised by specialised companies represents another possibility, but the cost of such a statistical campaign is relatively high. The other possibility is the application of network analysis in the environment of geographic information systems for the evaluation of non-public individual transport. For evaluation of transport accessibility using public transport means, the analysis of time schedules can be applied. It is possible to evaluate existing public transport connections, analyse selected conditions, evaluate real costs of commuting, conditions of commuting like number and waiting time for changing and apply a Monte Carlo simulation approach to evaluate not only average conditions but also the range of commuting conditions (which can be next utilized with a probabilistic approach). The selected presented methods were applied and tested for Bruntál district in Czechia. The transport accessibility was studied from the point of view of commuting to work and a comparison with the situation in the labour market was undertaken.

KEY WORDS: transport accessibility – GIS – network analyses – public transport – commuting.

CHALUŠOVÁ Jana, HLADNÝ Josef, ĆEKAL Radek:

Regional delimitation of the elbe river basin based on flood seasonality analysis. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 111, 3, pp. 247–259 (2006). – The study presents approaches that can be used for assessing flood seasonality in the Czech part of the Elbe River basin. For each of the selected gauging stations, a graphic-numerical method based on flood cumulative frequency curves was applied for identification of intervals, during which the probability of seasonal flood occurrence was high. The results were used for classification of the individual catchments into seven regions specific in terms of the flood seasonality.
Key words: floods – seasonality – region delimitation.

CHUMAN Tomáš, LIPSKÝ Zdeněk, MATĚJČEK Tomáš:

Succession of vegetation in alluvial floodplains after extreme floods. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 111, 3, pp. 314–325 (2006). – The paper deals with the topic of vegetation changes and successional developments as well as spread of invasive species in alluvial plains after extreme floods. The issue has become topical in Czechia after several extreme floods concentrated in the last 10 years. The paper is based on the search of the Czech and foreign literature as well as authors own experience and research after catastrophic summer floods in 1997 and 2002 in Czechia. The attention is paid to processes and mechanisms of vegetation succession and regeneration after floods. Floods are functioning as important natural disturbances increasing both geodiversity and biodiversity in the riverine landscapes. Different successional stages as well as variable habitats create a varied mosaic of vegetation and cause high species and ecosystem biodiversity in floodplains. On the other hand the disturbance regime of floods is particularly favorable also for invasive species that spread rapidly through floodplain. While future spatial distribution and spread of invasive species is difficult to forecast, the processes of succession and regeneration of vegetation after floods as well as changes in species composition of communities are predictable and confirm basic ecological principles.

Key words: floods – floodplains – vegetation – succession – invasive species.

JANSKÁ Eva:

Immigrant second generation in Prague: the case of preschool children. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 111, 2, pp. 198–214 (2006). – This contribution deals with the new phenomenom of preschool immigrant children in Czechia after 1990. It focuses on social, economic, cultural and ethnic characteristics of children´s parents and on childern´s language knowledge and adaptation in the kindergarten. There are also discussed factors influencing integration of immigrant families into the majority society as well as their willingness to stay in Czechia permanently. Our results bring about new insights into immigrants´ lives and their co-existence with the majority society.

Key words: immigration – integration – assimilation – second generation.

JENÍČEK Michal:

Rainfall-runoff modelling in small and middle-large catchments – an overview. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 111, 3, pp. 305–313 (2006). – A rainfall-runoff modelling is nowadays a dynamically developing department of hydrology and water management. This development is caused by a rapid progress of computers and information technologies. This evolution provides the mankind with new possibilities to use water as its basic need and at the same time to evolve an effective protection against it. The aim of this article is to give some basic information about rainfall-runoff modelling, various approaches to it, methods and possibilities of application. This kind of information may help the user with the choice of the suitable rainfall-runoff model. Rainfall-runoff or hydraulic models have many different applications, e.g. in operational hydrology, water resource management or in research. Typical structure of any rainfall-runoff model, come out from a simplified catchment structure as a system of vertical ordered reservoirs, which form a linear cascade model. The main reservoirs are precipitation, evapotranspiration (together with interception), direct runoff, runoff in unsaturated zone (interflow), base flow and channel flow. For computation of processes running in each of these reservoirs (filling or drainage), many equations (model techniques) are applied. This structure and presented modelling techniques are used in the most common models like HEC-HMS, MIKE-SHE, Sacramento (SAC-SMA), NASIM, HBV and many others.

Key words: modelling of hydrological processes – mathematical modelling – rainfall-runoff models – hydraulic models – floods.

JELEČEK Leoš, CHROMÝ Pavel, MARTÍNEK Jiří:

Development of geography at Charles University in the context of Czech geography since the middle of the 19th century. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 111, 4, pp. 343–367 (2006). – The article informs readers of the monothematic issue of Geografie journal devoted to the 150th anniversary of geography at Charles University in Prague about historical roots of geography at Prague University in the context of its development in Czechia during the last 150 years. The aim of the contribution is not to assess either the history of geographical thinking or the latest history of geography, but to present above all the development of personal and institutional backing of scientific and pedagogical activities in Czech geography. When assessing this development, the authors take account of the fact that Czech geography, as a discipline of science at Charles University, was developing in relatively frequently changing and sensibly different constitutional and political systems, socio-economical and socio-cultural conditions and also in different geopolitical situations and links of the Czech state. Besides external conditions that have been determining the changes of geography, the authors stress also the role of internal (subjective) factors – existence of key personalities of the discipline (fathers founders), their capacity to get recognition in the international context and to form their continuators.

KEY WORDS: history of Czech geography – Charles University – Czechia

KOLEJKA Jaromír, ŹALOUDÍK Jiří:

Monitoring of Czech Landscape Development Using GIS and Remote Sensing. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 111, 1, pp. 70–91 (2006). – Historical studies of landscape represent a part of traditional research in Czech geography. Modern technologies allow carrying out more accurate, more detail and more extended research actions. Methodically the historical landscape studies are supported with rich territorial databases of maps and aerial/satellite imagery. Examples presented in the paper document typical ways of GIS and RS applications starting with digital multitemporal imagery analysis to the utilizing of digital landscape model as fully integrated and sophisticated database supporting landscape analysis with respect to both natural and social area features.

Key words: landscape history – digital monitoring techniques – GIS and remote sensing – digital landscape model.

KŘÍŽEK Marek, HARTVICH Filip, CHUMAN Tomáš, ŚEFRNA Luděk, ŠOBR Miroslav, ZÁDOROVÁ Tereza:

Floodplain and its delimitation. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 111, 3, pp. 260–273 (2006). – The article is conceived as an introduction to the study of the floodplain. It deals with the delimitation of the floodplain from geomorphologic, pedologic, hydrologic and geoecologic point of view. It also describes the basic geomorphological forms and natural processes, constituting the floodplain system and participating in its formation.

Key words: floodplain – geomorphology – fluvial processes – fluvial sediments – fluvisoils, floods – invasive species.

KUPČÍK Ivan:

Czech countries in maps of Central Europe up to the middle of the 17th century and their typological classification. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 111, 4, pp. 436–453 (2006). – The article presents a representative selection of a nearly hundred of the oldest maps of Central Europe which were influencing the development of map representation of Czech countries and mostly have not yet been published in Czech literature. Geographical content of map representation of Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia in maps of the Central European area is as informative as in separate maps of these territories. Cartographical information does not end on the other side of our border, but it links to representation of neighbouring countries and stresses political, religious, communication, linguistic and other connections and particularities as well. The selection is based on typographical classification (into ten groups) of printed maps of the Central European area of German, Italian, Dutch and French origin dating from the end of the 15th century to the middle of the 17th century. Its knowledge is necessary to determine genealogy of Central European and regional maps from the period approximately till 1650.

KEY WORDS: Central Europe – cartographic representation till 1650 – map types – map genealogy.

LANGHAMMER Jakub:

Geoinformatic assessment of extreme flood consequences – case study: flood in August 2002 in Central Europe. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 111, 1, pp. 33–51 (2006). – The extreme flood events in the last decade in Central Europe served as a unique opportunity to study the impact of environmental changes on runoff process, to test the methods of their efficient assessment and to determine the applicability of the findings in effective flood protection measures. The paper presents the assessment of impact of environmental changes in landscape on the course and consequences of extreme floods. Assessment draws on selected indicators of environmental transformation related to rainfall-runoff processes, flood wave formation and transformation, and local retention capacity. The solution is based on geostatistical approach and applies to the Otava river basin located in the core zone of the extreme floods in August 2002 in Central Europe and representing area with high level of heterogeneity in terms of physicogeographic and social and economic aspects. The results of the presented research indicated evident links between physicogeographic characteristics of river basins, their anthropogenic transformation, and responses to extreme runoff situations. However the results hasn’t proved the current intensity of river network shortening, riverbed transformation or floodplain and landscape modifications to be the main driving force of extremity of the flooding that occurred in August 2002 in Central Europe.

KEY WORDS: Floods – Riverbed modifications – Stream shortening – Floodplain – GIS – Rule-based classification.

LANGHAMMER Jakub, KLIMENT Zdeněk:

Water quality changes in rural regions in Czechia. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 111, 2, pp. 168–185 (2006). – The article presents the analysis of water quality state and changes in three catchments in agricultural landscape (Blšanka, Loučka and Olšava) facing long-term problems with surface water quality and at the same time lacking sufficient information on water quality changes. These catchments are situated in different geographical areas and manifest different physical-geographical characteristics and intensity and character of anthropogenous use. In model catchments, conditions of substance removal, including spatial distribution of erosional risk, were analysed, transport of floated material observed and surface water quality analysed from the long-term perspective and from the viewpoint of spatial distribution of specific substance removal.

Key words: water duality – pollution – GIS – erosion – agriculture – emissions.

LANGHAMMER Jakub, MATOUŠKOVÁ Milada:

Mapping and analysis of river network modification as a factor of flood risk in the Blanice river basin. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 111, 3, pp. 274–291 (2006). – Anthropogenic modifications of river network represent a significant phenomenon that influences runoff conditions in river basins, both under normal water level conditions as well as in the period of hydrological extremes. Modifications of watercourses on various levels influence the speed and timing of floodwave progress as well as the potential to efficiently transform the floodwave in the floodplain and to lessen the extremity of the flood event. The paper presents the methodological framework for analysis of historical and current intensity and nature of man-made modifications of river network. There are presented two essential approaches: First represents the analysis of distance data, e.g. the water management maps, historical maps or aerial imagery. The second approach is based on field mapping of various parameters of river network and floodplain modifications. The presented methodologies are applied on the Blanice river basin that represents the core zone of extreme flood in August 2002 that heavily affected the Central Europe. The GIS analysis of results revealed the spatial differentiation of anthropogenic changes in river basin and their potential importance in the context of the flood risk. The results and the applied methodologies are discussed from the viewpoint of their practical applicability and of limitations in terms of data accuracy, availability and reliability.

Key Words: river network transformation – floods – mapping – land-use changes – GIS.

LANGHAMMER Jakub, VILÍMEK Vít:

Present approaches to evaluation of anthropogenous changes in landscape as a factor of flood risk. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 111, 3, pp. 233–246 (2006). – Flood risks can be evaluated from two points of view, the economic and the process one. The economic approach parts from consequences of the causal event when the risk is defined as the function of probability of occurrence of a certain phenomenon and of potential damage. The process approach evaluates the risk via main processes and factors involved in the risk development. The risk is then defined on the basis of three factors – hazard, exposure, vulnerability (Barredo et al. 2005, Crichton 1999, Kron 2003). Anthropogenous changes in the landscape represent, according to the process approach to risks, one of the vulnerability factors. Vulnerability of environment in relation to values exposed to the hazard represents their susceptibility to damage occurrence and is decisive for the extent of damage. Large changes in intensity, character and structure of land-use occurring in the cultural landscape during these last centuries, affect changes in of outflow conditions of the catchment and can thus influence the course of floods. Vulnerability is a risk element which can be, differently from the other risk components, at least partly influenced and controlled. While natural processes representing a source of hazard cannot be influenced and accumulation of property in flood areas can be only hardly reduced, it is possible to purposefully reduce vulnerability both of natural environment and of social links in a way to minimize consequences of natural elements activities, to increase the efficiency of flood control measures and to limit damages to a strict minimum corresponding to the extremity of the phenomenon.

KEY WORDS: natural hazards – floods – risk – land-use – anthropogenic changes.

KLIMENT Zdeněk, MATOUŠKOVÁ Milada:

Changes of runoff regime according to human impact on the landscape. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 111, 3, pp. 292–304 (2006). – The main aim of our research project was to determine the extent to which the outflow can be influenced by the human interventions in three-selected water basins in Bohemian Forest (Šumava Mountains) and foothills. The rainfall-runoff analyses using both the single and double mass curves over the period of the hydrologic observations were taken as a basic methodology. Beside mean discharge, precipitation, snow and air temperature trends, analysis of land cover change and human impact on the river network and drainage areas development were applied too. The greatest deviations were widely observed in the period between the 2nd half of the seventies and in the 1st half of the eighties. The whole system came slowly back to its initial condition in the early nineties. The runoff trend deviation has been related to the nature and human factors, mainly to current climatic changes and changes of landscape retention potential.

Key words: trend analysis – runoff – climate change – human impact – Otava River – Czechia.

MENTLÍK Pavel, JEDLIČKA Karel, MINÁR Jozef, BARKA Ivan:

Geomorphological information systém: physical model and options of geomorphological analysis. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 111, 1, pp. 15–32 (2006). – The paper has two main aims. Firstly, to postulate a physical geodatabase model of a geomorphological information system based on the already existing logical geodatabase model. Secondly, to define processes of geomorphological analysis based on the physical geodatabase model. The structure of the physical model follows the logical model and is divided into three parts: adopted layers (hydrology, geology, topography and others), basic layers (elementary forms, digital elevation model and derivatives, documentation materials, genetic groups of landforms, morphodynamic phenomena, basin based features and geomorphic network) and special layers (morphostructural analysis, comprehensive geomorphological analysis and so on). The geodatabase modelling methodology was used for developing the physical geodatabase model. The geomorphological analysis is based mainly on the layer of elementary forms (defined according to their morphology and morphometry) and the derived layer of morphogenetical forms (determined by genesis of landforms). The traditional methods of geomorphological mapping and also more recent concepts of geomorphological analysis were used. The concept is presented in the context of research in the surroundings of Prášilské jezero (lake) in the Šumava (Mts.). ESRI products were used to carry out the project.

KEY WORDS: geomorphological information system (GmIS) – geomorphological analysis – geomorphological mapping – glacial forms.

MUCHA Ludvík:

Cartography at Charles University in Prague. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 111, 4, pp. 426–435 (2006). – The article deals with the development of cartography at Charles University in Prague. Its development is monitored from the time of our oldest known map by Vavřinec of Březová, master and professor of Prague University, dating from the beginning of the 15th century. A special attention is paid to the development after 1920, when Faculty of Science was established at Charles University – since that time, both geography and cartography have been taught here instead of the Faculty of Philosophy. Cartography, science on map generating, has been always a part of geography and only recently it has become an independent discipline.

KEY WORDS: cartography – development – Czechia – Charles University in Prague.

PAVLÍK Zdeněk:

Development of demography in the process of cognition of objective reality. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 111, 4, pp. 401–425 (2006). – The article deals with development of demography in the process of cognition of objective reality. Demography is an empirical discipline having for object human populations (people) and for subject their reproduction (renewals going on especially within these populations). The object of study of demography is common for several other disciplines dealing with people, but study of reproduction of human populations is specific pro demography. Attention is paid to the process of cognition of objective reality and emergence of critical thinking, to the position of demography in the process of cognition of objective reality. A special attention is paid to the development of demography in the territory of Czechia, mainly at the Charles University in Prague.

KEY WORDS: demography – development – objective reality – Czechia – Charles University in Prague.

PŘIBYL Václav:

Physical geography at Charles University in Prague. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 111, 4, pp. 368–381 (2006). – The article presents the chronological development of the discipline of science physical geography at Prague University from its modest beginnings at the end of the 14th century to present days. It follows the beginnings of physical geography as auxiliary discipline within the Faculty of Philosophy (Arts), the beginnings of the Institute of Geography, later constitution and building of the unified Institute of Geography in Prague – Albertov within the newly constituted Faculty of Science of Charles University and its further development after abolition of this institute and foundation of the Department of Geography at first, then of the Department of Cartography and Physical Geography and finally of the Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology of the Faculty of Science, Charles University.

KEY WORDS: physical geography – Charles University in Prague.

TRACZYK Andrzej, ENGEL Zbyněk:

The maximum extent of continental ice sheets at the foot of Ořešník and Poledník in the northern slope of the Jizerské hory Mountains. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 111, 2, pp. 141–151 (2006). – Geomorphological observations of the continental ice sheets trim line in the northern part of the Jizerské hory Mountains have been done. The research aims to investigate possibilities of selected techniques in determination of glacial landscape. Continental ice sheets trim line could be reconstructed using comparative analysis of rock weathering variables on the surface of rock landforms. In the Sudetes these methods were applied only in the Pogórze Kaczawskie (Migoń et al. 2002). Results of similar research, which was done at the northern foot of the Ořešník and Poledník Mountains, are presented in this paper.

VOLAUFOVÁ Lenka, LANGHAMMER Jakub:

Specific pollution of surface water and sediments in the Klabava River catchment. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 111, 2, pp. 152–167 (2006). – The article presents results of a research into surface water and sediments specific pollution in the Klabava River catchment. Our analysis is based on available data on water and floated material chemism gathered by Povodí Vltavy (Vltava Catchment Administration) and on own data obtained from analyses of samples collected in the network of purpose-established profiles. Standard methods, i.e. comparison to background levels of geogenous environment according to Turekian and Wedepohl and classification into quality classes according to Igeo, were used.

Key words: water duality – specific pollution – sediment – kadmium – floods.

VOŽENÍLEK Vít:

Conceptual remarks for tectonic geomorphology by terrain modelling within GIS. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 111, 1, pp. 3–14 (2006). – The paper deals with term of digital tectonic geomorphology as an integration of structural geology, geomorphology and digital terrain analysis. The author extends traditional set of methods for tectonic geomorphological research and gives general conceptual remarks for methods of tectonic geomorphology developed for the integration of tectonic geomorphology into GIS based on digital terrain modelling. The emphasis is given on selected problems: morphological features associated with fractures, feature recognition and parameter extraction, digital geomorphometry analysis, digital image processing of terrain data and spatial analysis of lineaments. The paper gives fundamental topics for understanding instead of particular algorithms and procedures.

Key words: tectonic geomorphology – terrain modelling – GIS – landforms.

ŽÍŽALOVÁ Petra:

Foreign Direct Investments in Czechia. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 111, 2, pp. 186–197 (2006). – Foreign direct investments (FDI) are an often discussed phenomenon which is considered to play a key role in the process of transformation and restructuralization in the post-communist countries. This paper examines its regional distribution and challenges rather uncritical views on this phenomenon. FDI are distributed geographically very unevenly as almost three fifths of total FDI inflows into the Czech Republic have been located in Prague and almost four fifths in the metropolitan areas. Thus, FDI are one of the factors, which intensify uneven development and contribute to regional disparities.

Key words: FDI – foreign companies – Czechia – regional disparities.

Changes of agricultural geography. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 110, 2, pp. 91–102 (2005). – The paper deals with the position of agricultural geography in the system of geographical sciences and with the changes in orientation of main themes treated by new research and publication activities of this geographical sub-discipline. In the initial stages, description of reality prevailed in agricultural geography, then it went through the period of “business (commercial) geography“, then the main interest of agricultural geographers was concentrated at world agriculture typology issues and still later at land use. Since the end of the 1970´s, a shift from agricultural geography to rural geography has been evident. It corresponds with the trend of the shift of geography to a broadly conceived cultural or human geography. Since the 1990´s critical voices refusing an exaggerated sociologization of geographical themes in rural research have been growing. In that period, research has concentrated at globalization as topical process of the world economy. Recently, studies paying attention to environmental issues are more frequent.

ČADIL Vladislav:

Influence of foreign direct investments on foreign trade of Czechia. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 110, 1, pp. 46–61 (2005). – Deep changes in territorial and commodity structure of foreign trade have arisen after 1989 in Czechia. Economically developed states, especially EU countries, have become significant trade partners of Czechia. On the one hand, export and import of machines and means of transport have increased, on the other hand, export of semi-finished products and materials has decreased. Intense qualitative changes in territorial and commodity structures as well as an increase of foreign trade would be inconceivable (or significantly delayed) without a positive effect of foreign direct investments. Foreign capital has sharpened differences between prospering foreign firms and weak, uncompetitive home enterprises. The aim of this contribution is: a) to deal with the effects of foreign direct investments on the development of foreign trade in Czechia; b) to delineate the main trends in development of foreign trade affected by foreign capital.

Key words: foreign trade – Czechia – foreign direct investments – transform.

ČESÁK Julius, ŠOBR Miroslav:

Methods of bathymetric mapping of Czech lakes. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 110, 3, pp. 141–151 (2005). – The article outlines the most frequent methods used for mapping of lakes of natural or anthropogenic origin. The methodology is based on outlooks used for more than one hundred years. Two ways of mapping of shorelines and subsequent bathymetric measurements are described. Processing of the obtained data and the final format and appurtenance of maps are described here as well.

KEY WORDS: Shoreline mapping – bathymetric mapping – MapInfo – Surfer – geodetic total station – volume of lake basins – interpolation – echo sounder.

FIALA Theodor:

Approach to the Morphostructural Analysis of the Relief in Publications of Czech and Slovak Geomorphologists. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 110, 2, pp. 103–115 (2005). – The article presents approaches Czech and Slovak geomorphologists use while working on morphostructural analysis. The analysis consists of partial analyses (methods) that contribute to description of the relief and its parts. The article shows which of these methods are mostly used. The aim is to point out that the geomorphologists´ approach to the morphostructural analysis is very different and varies from author to author.

KEY WORDS: morphostructural analysis – morphostructure.

FIALOVÁ Dana, VÁGNER Jiří:

Structure, typology, present state and perspectives of second residences in Czechia. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 110, 2, pp. 73–81(2005). – The paper begins with giving basic information on second residence – individual short-term recreation of population in Czechia – aimed at its structure and distribution. A short characteristic of the history of the research into and of the basic development of structure of the second residence is given. This structure was roughly completed prior to the 1990´s. The empirical part deals with field and inquiry research into regional differentiation of this phenomenon in model regions of the whole Czechia and results into a tentative typology of fields of second residence and into more general conclusions on the main trends and perspectives.

Key words: second residence – regional differentiation – Czechia – typology.

HALÁS MARIÁN:

Transport potential of regions in Slovakia. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 110, 4, pp. 257–270 (2005). – The communication infrastructure of the Central and Eastern European countries is one of the crucial factors of their economic development in the enlarging European Union. Their spatial differentiation is determined by many factors; the most important physical-geographic one is the geomorphologic structure of the area, and one of the principal human-geographic factors is the spatial differentiation and structure of settlement (as a generator or as a result of transport infrastructure). The submitted article deals with the transport issues in Slovakia and the potential for the development of the transport infrastructure in Slovak regions. The two main objectives of the contribution are as follows: The first partial aim is (1a) a basic analysis of the transport position of Slovakia in the (Central) European area and (1b) an analysis of the evolution and present state of communication infrastructure and the intensity of transport at its individual parts. The second main aim of the article is to point at some possibilities in the territory of the Slovakia, especially by application of gravitational model in Slovak towns (and towns of neighbouring border regions) and possibilities of development of the communication infrastructure.

Key words: gravitational model – transport infrastructure – transport potential.

HRDINKA Tomáš:

Anthropogenic Lakes in Czechia. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 110, 3, pp. 210–228 (2005). – Anthropogenic lakes are one of the most significant genetic groups of lakes in Czechia. The water quality of these lakes formed through flooding of mined-out pits can be influenced by several factors such as physical and chemical properties of mined out rock, characteristics of the mine surroundings, secondary anthropogenic interference and time elapsed since their flooding. The quality of water determines their possible utilization, such as water supply, agriculture, industry, recreation, nature preservation, etc. This article compares five anthropogenic lakes in mining pits after exploitation of different kind of rocks and on the basis of lake basin characteristics and physical and chemical analysis of water formulates the possibilities of their possible utilization in the context of the local landscape.

KEY WORDS: lake classification – water quality – mining areas – anthropogenic processes

CHALUPOVÁ Dagmar, JANSKÝ Bohumír:

The oxbow lakes in the central part of the River Labe – comparation of water quality and heavy metals concentrations in sediment. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 110, 3, pp. 229–242 (2005). – In the years 2000 and 2002, an investigation of three fluvial lakes in the central part of the River Labe was carried out. All three localities were chosen to evaluate the state of the environment and the impact of human activity on it. The research included physical, chemical, hydrobiological analyses of water, analyses of sediments, but also bathymetric measurements. Although the conditions of genesis and existence of all selected lakes were the same, we found many differences in water quality e.g. oxygen saturation, BOD5, water loading with nutrients, calcium and chlorides concentrations. The pollution of sediments with determined heavy metals and even the dependence of the concentration on depth or age of sediment differed in each locality.

KEY WORDS – oxbow lakes – physical parameters of water – chemical parameters of water – hydrobiology – heavy metals – sediment.

JANSKÝ Bohumír:

New Trends of the Geographic Research into Lakes in Czechia. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 110, 3, pp. 129–140 (2005). – Research into lakes both in Czechia and abroad was carried on by number of geographers in Prague. This tradition was established by the founder of the Geographic Institute of Charles University, Professor Václav Švambera. In the 1970´s, the tradition was then taken over by the author of this article. A lot of his disciples have taken part in the research into lakes since. Thanks to the backing of the Grant Agency of Charles University, the project “Lakes in the Czech Republic” has been completed – its aim was to compile an extensive study on the Czech lakes including their genetic classification. The previous work has been followed by the latest extensive project backed by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic “Atlas of Lakes in the Czech Republic”.

KEY WORDS: traditional research – systematic mapping – genetic classification of lakes – lakes of natural and anthropogenic origin – limnology studies – bathymetric maps – hydrologic regime – water quality – quality of sediments – hydrobiology.

JANSKÝ Bohumír, JUDOVÁ Petra:

Water Quality in Rural Areas of Czechia: Case Study Šlapanka River Catchment. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 110, 1, pp. 1–14 (2005). – This article evaluates water quality of the river Šlapanka, which runs through a typical landscape of Českomoravská vrchovina. It deals with water quality at present and with its long-term development (since 1976). A significant part of the article consists of evaluation of pollution sources (agriculture, industry, population). The type of pollution sources is distinguished by dependence analysis of concentration of substances on flows and in different seasons. At the end of the article there are measures suggested to reduce the impact of pollution sources.

KEY WORDS: Šlapanka River – pollution sources (agriculture, population) – water quality – nitrate – BOD5 – dependence analyses – water quality improving measures.

JANSKÝ Bohumír, ŠOBR Miroslav, KOCUM Jan, ČESÁK Julius:

New bathymetric mapping of glacial lakes of Šumava Mountains (Bohemian Forest). – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 110, 3, pp. 176–187 (2005). – The article gives a historical overview of bathymetric measurements of glacial lakes on the Bohemian side of Šumava Mts. in the course of the 19th and 20th centuries. A special attention is paid to Václav Švambera’s works from the beginning of the 20th century. These works are confronted with results of the latest measurements made by workers of the Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology of the Faculty of Science, Charles University, with the help of advanced equipments.

KEY WORDS: glacial lakes – history of morphometric measurements – bathymetric maps – bathymetric curves – morphometry of lake basis.

KOCUM Jan, JANSKÝ Bohumír:

Limnological Study of the Čertovo jezero Lake. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 110, 3, pp. 152–175 (2005). – The main aim of the limnological research into the Čertovo jezero Lake (Bohemian Forest, south-western Czechia) was to make its precise ground plan, to characterize the depth conditions of the lake basin and to determine the accurate altitude of the lake water level. One of the main outcomes of the study is the bathymetric map of this second largest glacial lake in Czechia. The description of morphometric characteristics of the lake catchment was also one part of the research. The analysis of the hydrological regime of the lake and of rainfall-outflow processes in its catchment has been carried out for the first time in the history of research activities in this locality. In order to elaborate a comprehensive geographical study of the lake, monitoring of the temperature conditions and ice phenomena of the accumulated water, of water transparency and colour and of its physical and chemical characteristics was also made.

KEY WORDS: limnological research – Čertovo jezero Lake – Bohemian Forest – bathymetric map – glacial lake – hydrological regime.

KOLEJKA Jaromír:

Digital landscape model – a geographical data tool for research and decision-making in territory management using geoinformation technology. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 110, 4, pp. 286–300 (2005). – An enormous thematic, geometric and format geodata variability as well as its storage in different distant databases are typical for the situation in Czechia. If these data layers are overlaid, many false parameter combinations originate. The digital landscape model (DLM) is an example of a new database tool reducing such data errors for an efficient application in research and territory management. The DLM structure and construction are presented.

Key words: digital landscape model – logical data integration – integrated database.

KULDOVÁ Silvie:

Contribution to cultural-geographical research: possible evaluations of cultural aspects by statistical methods. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 110, 4, pp. 300–314 (2005). – The aim of this article is to show that an evaluation of cultural aspects does not always mean an operation with “soft“, non-quantifiable data. It is possible to refer to cultural variety of regions also with the help of numeric indicators, so-called “hard“ data. As an example, differences between the Czech borderland and inland are studied in this article. The used characteristics are the percentage of native persons and number of municipality parts per municipality. Dissimilarity ratio of these indicators in space is evaluated by statistical analysis methods: independent-samples T test, one-way ANOVA, chi-square tests. Component analysis outputs help to complete the findings. Statistically significant differences between the identity of the Czech borderland and inland were proved. The impact of the former Czech-German linguistic boundary on the degree of regional identity of the inhabitants is still sensible.

Key words: regional identity – statistical analysis – border region – language border.

LANGHAMMER Jakub:

Geostatistical classification of dynamics of water quality changes in the Elbe river basin. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 110, 1, pp. 15–31 (2005). – With regard to the water quality changes, the area of the Czech part of the Elbe river basin is extraordinarily dynamic. In the 20th century it experienced an enormous increase of load of pollution. Since the beginning of the 1990´s due to the political and economical changes, we have witnessed a particularly intensive decrease in the emission volume and a related increase in water quality of watercourses. However, positive changes in the pollution load balance have occurred mainly in the biggest watercourses and these changes have not been accompanied by similar development in the whole river system. Using a newly created classification methodology the basic models of dynamics of water quality changes in the Elbe river basin have been derived. Based on GIS geostatistical analysis, regions with analogous water quality development trends have been defined for selected parameters and critical areas have been identified. It has become apparent that the prevailing part of the Elbe river basin has been experiencing a gradual increase in pollution. In addition, after a previous decrease, a number of watercourses experienced a recurrence of the increase in load. These areas are priorities for further development and control of surface water protection against pollution.

Key words: hydrology – water quality – pollution – environment – Elbe – GIS – analysis – classification.

KLIMENT Zdeněk, MATOUŠKOVÁ Milada:

Trends of runoff processes in the Otava River basin. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 110, 1, pp. 32–45 (2005). – Recent floods in the Czech Republic raised many questions about a possible man-made impact on the outflow process. The contribution evaluates runoff changes in the Otava River basin. Attention is paid to the methodology, which is based mainly on the use of mass curves of rainfall and runoff characteristics. Results of analysis are discussed and compared with climatic factors and human activities.

KEY WORDS: hydrology – hydrological regime – runoff changes – the Otava River basin.

POŠTA Petr:

Bog Pools in Czechia. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 110, x, pp. 188–209 (2005). –Research into bog pools is carried out within grant projects implemented by the Department of the Physical Geography and Geoecology of the Charles University, Prague. Raised bogs are scarce but important features of the Czech landscape. The importance of peat bogs may be assessed either from a purely materialistic perspective (balneology, substrate in gardening and agriculture, formerly energy), or from the perspective of their landscape-formation properties (hydrological function, refugium of glacial relicts). Nowadays, the peatlands are important in science and education – they can help us to understand the evolution of our landscape in the Holocene. The above mentioned grant projects’ goal was to compare a larger number of bog pools under different conditions of Czechia. The lakes were chosen on the basis of a field survey conducted in 2002–2003. In 2003–2004, these lakes were visited several times with the aim of creating a bathymetrical plan and taking a sample of water for assessment of its physical and chemical parameters.

KEY WORDS: organogenic lakes – bog pools – peat – raised bogs – ombrotrophic peat bogs – water quality

SKOKANOVÁ Hana:

Channel changes of the lower part of the Dyje River in the1830–2001 period caused by human activities. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 110, 4, pp. 271–286 (2005).– The article deals with changes of the lower reach of the Dyje River, South Moravia, caused by river engineering works. The study area was divided into five sections and studied with the help of graphic methods and morphometric characteristics derived from historical maps. The research shows a significant shortening of the Dyje, a decrease in sinuosity and a fluctuation in area and number of oxbow lakes (oxbows).

KEY WORDS: floodplain – river channel – pools – oxbows – river engineering works – sinuosity.

STEJSKAL Vladimír:

Geomorphological aspects of monitoring movements of slope blocks in pseudocarst localities Ostaš, Hejda and Kočičí skály. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 110, 2, pp. 82–90 (2005). – Since 1989 slope movements and movements of tectonic origin have been monitored in three pseudocarst localities in Polická vrchovina. Monitoring has allowed to detect more or less distinct manifestations of slope movement activity in the majority of observing points. A detailed geomorphological analysis has shown time variability of the mechanism of slope movements. Presence of movements of tectonic origin hasn’t been proved.

Key words: Polická vrchovina – block slope movements – movements monitoring – TM-71 gauge.

TUREK Martin:

Lake Libišská tůň in nature reserve Černínovsko: Present state and anthropogenic disturbance of the fluvial lake’s ecosystem – an integrated limnological approach. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 110, 3, pp. 243-254 (2005). – This paper dealings with the history, the present state and human impact on the fluvial lake Libišská tůň situated in the nature reserve Černínovsko near town Neratovice in Czechia. For the assessment of the lake’s ecosystem an integrated limnological approach is used. There has been a considerable human influence on the lake’s ecosystem since it’s genesis in the first half of the 19th century during the canalization of the Elbe River. The lake is situated close to one of the biggest czech chemical factories Spolana Neratovice, which has had a detrimental impact on the lake’s water quality and on the content of heavy metals in the sediments. The fish stock there has a significant impact on the species composition of plankton. A morphomeric survey was carried out on the lake and the annual hydrological regime of the lake in view of the river and groundwater has been evaluated.

Key words: fluvial lake – Libišská tůň – Černínovsko – limnological study – heavy metals – Spolana Neratovice – Elbe River canalization – trunked spur.

August 2002 Flood in the Czech Republic: Meteorological Causes and Hydrological Response. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 109, 2, pp. 84–92 (2004). – The paper describes synoptic situations that resulted in heavy precipitation over the SW Bohemia in August 2002. Spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation and its effect on the flood development is explained. Flood peak flows return period reached very high values in the Vltava River catchment and couldn’t be largely affected by reservoirs within the catchment. Nevertheless the role of Vltava River Dam Cascade is mentioned as well as the flood forecasting during the flood. We show also some similarities and differences between 2002 and some historical flood.

Key words: Flood – Vltava River – August 2002 – Czech Republic.

DE MARCHI Massimo:

Good practices for sustainable water and territorial management: experiences from Alps and transferability. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 109, 2, pp. 145–155 (2004). – The article deals with the application in Alpine area of Italy, Germany and Austria of one of the models to diffuse sustainable choices known as “good practice”. A pioneer survey about the application of good practices in water and territorial management is presented with the analysis of main results. Then the successful factors and the transferability of good practice are discussed. The article intends to represent an opportunity of exchanging experiences to implement sustainable decision making about water and territorial management.

KEY WORDS: water management – territorial management – Alps experience.

HAMPL Martin:

Current development of geographical organisation and changes in commuting to work and schools in the Czech Republic. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 109, 3, pp. 205–222 (2004)
The paper provides an empirical analysis of short-term regional development processes in the Czech Republic. A particular emphasis is given to the assessment of changes in regional organisation of commuting in 1991-2001. A strengthening of the impact of main regional centres is stressed, especially the macro-regional influence of Prague. The results of the empirical analysis support general claims pointing to the importance of qualitatively new forms of geographical development in the post-industrial era: a strengthening of controlling functions of the largest urban centres and a general increase in contacts in the national settlement system, on the one hand, and a decrease or termination of population growth of large cities, on the other hand.

KEY WORDS: geographical organisation of society – settlement and regional hierarchy – commuting to work and schools.

HARTLOVÁ Martina:

Evaluation of effectiveness and efficiency of regional policy programmes: Analysis of ex ante evaluations of programming documents. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 109, 1, pp. 36–52 (2004). – The paper focuses on evaluation of regional policy programmes in the European Union and in the Czech Republic as a tool for improving effectiveness and efficiency of the regional policy. The main methodological problems and conceptual questions are summarized as well as the current situation of evaluation practice in the EU. A special attention is also dedicated to the existing experience of the Czech Republic in this area, in particular in the ax ante evaluation. Finally, the paper presents several possible solutions for the future evaluation development that could result in the improvement of the regional policy in the Czech Republic.

Key words: regional development – regional policy – evaluation – structural funds – European Union.

HRADECKÝ Jan, PÁNEK Tomáš, BŘÍZOVÁ Eva:

Contribution to the geomorphology and the age of the selected slope deformations in the area of Slezské Beskydy Mts and Jablunkovská Brázda Furrow. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 109, 4, pp. 289 – 303 (2004). – The studied area of the Silesian Beskydy Mts and the Jablunkovská brázda Furrow is noted for a big concentration of slope deformations. The genesis and expansion of them are predisposed by structurally geologic conditions in the Silesian and Magura nappes. Radiocarbon 14C dating of selected slope deformations proved a close link between the rise of slope deformations and the humid phase of the Holocene and flood activity of rivers in the basin of the Upper Vistula River. Dated landslides fall into the period of the turn of the Late Glacial and the Holocene, Subboreal and Subatlantic.

KEY WORDS: slope deformations – Holocene – radiocarbon dating – pollen analyse – flysch Carpathians – Silesian and Magura Unit – Slezské Beskydy Mts. – Jablunkovská brázda Furrow.

HUDEČEK Tomáš:

Regional content in geography textbooks from the cartographic viewpoint. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 109, 1, pp. 53–64 (2003). – The article discusses further possibilities how to use GIS application in geography didactics. It describes an aid for assessment of regional geography textbooks – i.e. teaching map – and provides methodological analysis how to create such maps. It deals with the application of the method for sample assessment of selected textbooks. The analysis covers 12 teaching maps, which were created on the basis of 12 selected geography textbooks for primary and secondary school pupils. These books are being assessed by comparative analysis and a comment of their contents and suitability is added. The article also evaluates other possible uses of the method.

Key words: textbooks – cartographic assessment – GIS – teaching maps.

JANSKÝ Bohumír, ŠOBR Miroslav:

Genetic classification of lakes in the Czech Republic. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 109, 2, pp. 117–128 (2004). – The paper provides genetic classification of lakes in the Czech Republic. We separate lakes to two groups – natural and anthropogenic origin. The genetic classification is based on the classification of lakes according to the way of origination of the lake basin while the geomorphologic viewpoint prevails: glacial lakes, fluvial lakes, karst lakes, lakes dammed-up by landslides, organogenous lakes and anthropogenic lakes. As the anthropogenic lakes we may regard all the water bodies which originated as a consequence of the human activity – mining of mineral resources.

KEY WORDS: glacial lakes – fluvial lakes – karst lakes – lakes samec-up by landslide – organogenous lakes – anthropogenic lakes.

JÄRVET Arvo:

Influence of hydrological Conditions on the Ecological State of Shallow Lake Võrtsjärv. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 109, 2, pp. 129–144 (2004). – Lake Võrtsjärv as a very shallow (mean depth 2.8 m) water-body and considerable water level fluctuations cause changes in both the surface area and volume of the lake. Due to the shallowness of the lake, low level periods are accompanied by several phenomena detrimental to its ecosystem, like cyanophyte blooms, overgrowing with macrophytes, resuspension of phosphorous compounds, restricted spawning places for pike and winter fish kills. In the years of low water level the perspectives to catch in established fishing sites using particular gear as well as access to harbours are hindered. Causal relations between the water regime and ecological state of the lake Võrtsjärv have been discussed in this paper.

Key words: shallow lake – water regime – ice cover – ecological state – water management.

KABRDA Jan:

Influence of spatial exposedness on land use pattern in the Vysočina region. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 109, 3, pp. 223–235 (2004)
In this paper, I tried to analyse the influence of socio-economical spatial exposedness on current land use pattern in the Vysočina region, Czech Republic. The main aims were: (a) to statistically prove and then to explain the direction of this influence; and (b) to assess its significance in the context of effects of other factors (eg. average altitude, slope or average density of population) influencing the land use pattern. Two data sources were used: (1) land use (8 categories) data for 1,113 territorial units (average area ca 6 sq kms.) of the Vysočina region for the years 1845, 1948, 1990 and 2000. (2) GIS model of current exposedness, based on the proximity of each territorial unit to main centres of settlement and to traffic lines. Some of the results are general, nevertheless, they are also influenced, to a large extent, by the specifics of the Vysočina region.

Key words: land use – driving forces – spatial exposedness – Vysočina region – Czech Republic.

KROPÁČEK Jan:

Detekce a zvýraznění ploch stínů v družicových datech s vysokým prostorovým rozlišením. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 109, 4, pp. 304 – 313 (2004). – New high resolution satellite data (IKONOS, QuickBird, SPOT5 and Eros) enable mapping in more detailed scale. The size of shadows are not of the order of pixel size any more. Misclassification of shadows in the high resolution satellite image may lead to shift of border between classes even by 30 meters. Shadows were grouped into five groups according to the shadowed surface and the type of the elevated object. A spectral analysis of these groups has been conducted and a simple method for the detection of shaded areas have been proposed. This method utilizes map algebra. Shadows on vegetation and non-vegetation surfaces have been also distinguished. Three methods of image analysis to improve readebility of shaded areas have been proposed: logarithmic enhancement, local contrast enhancement and ternary map. Object hidden in the shadows in the original image are better recognizable in the ternary map.

Key words: remote sensing – high resolution satellite – shadows – map algebra – ternary diagram – ternary map.

KŘÍŽ Vladislav:

Accumulation of river run-off through water reservoirs in the upper part of the Odra River basin in the territory of the Czech Republic. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 109, 1, pp. 27–35 (2004). – In accordance with the present world trend, the hydrological research in Czechia has been recently aimed at anthropogenous changes of water regime in the landscape. Systematic research in this sense in the Odra River basin brings a relatively comprehensive view on the “anthropogenous hydrology” of this basin. Reservoirs of the Odra water management system have a significant transformation impact on the water regime of rivers. Especially their accumulation effect is the main subject of this paper.

Key Words: water regime – anthropogenous impacts – accumulation effect – Czechia – Odra River basin.

LANGHAMMER Jakub:

Water Quality changes in the Elbe River Basin. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 109, 2, pp. 93–104 (2004). – In the course of the 90s, the Czech part of the Elbe river basin underwent a significant change in the quality of surface water. After a long period of intensified pollution hitting the peak at the end of the 80s, reduced amount of emissions from main industrial and municipal sources led to a lower pollution load of the Elbe and its principal tributaries. The scope and speed of such water quality changes is unprecedented in the Czech as well as in the European perspective. Decrease in the pollution level is however spatially limited to the Elbe river and its main tributaries. Further reduction of emission load will not result in corresponding decline of water pollution. This is due to different evolution of rivers of different sizes, but mainly to insufficient decrease of pollution load in the headstream areas of the river basin. It is this area of small watercourses that has to be in the centre of attention because without its radical changes it isn’t possible to ensure permanent improvement of water quality in the Elbe and its tributaries.

Key words: Hydrology – water quality – pollution – modelling – Elbe.

LEHOTSKÝ Milan, GREŠKOVÁ Anna:

Channel-floodplain geosystem and riverine landscape – survey and assessment. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 109, 4, pp. 277 – 288 (2004). – The article deals with new orientation and methodological approaches recently dominated in the field of fluvial geomorphology. The authors, based on theoretical and methodological foundations of older and the latest studies define riverine landscape and its geomorphic base – channel-floodplain geosystems, explain their hierarchical structure and briefly outline the main features of approaches of its assessment and survey strategy.

Key words: channel-floodplain systém – riverine landscape – assessment – survey.

ŁOBODA Jan:

Polish geography at the beginning of the new millenium. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 109, 4, pp. 314-327 (2004). – The article presents the state of Polish geography at the beginning of the new millennium, including its main research issues, research approaches, preferred scientific methods, the most crucial dilemmas as well as theoretical and methodological issues. Contemporary trends in the development of geography, applications of results of geographical research both in Poland and worldwide and an evaluation of modern geography as compared with other disciplines are also addressed. On this background, the most important weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the contemporary Polish geography, and its position in the global geography are presented. The article also highlights other scientific disciplines, which geography should become most closely linked scientifically with. Main research areas to be preferably developed in the Polish geography are presented in the final part of the paper. The results presented are based on an anonymous survey, conducted in MayńSeptember 2001.

KEY WORDS: Polish and world geography – state and perspectives – geographic centres – opinions of geographers.

MARIOT Peter:

Regional aspects of acceptation of the new subjects in the Slovak political arena. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 109, 1, pp. 1–14 (2004). – The author observes specific features of the regional picture of support to five political parties, which emerged as new and obtained chairs in the Slovak Parliament in the years 1999-2002 (Tab. 1). He uses the index of openness (Io) computed for each community as the sum of bal values for the individual parties (Tab. 5) to express regional differences in the willingness of voters in different regions of the Slovak Republic to accept these new political subjects. The communities with a high index of openness values (Io from 20 to 29) are found above all in the administrative region of Košice (Fig. 6), while the “openness” of electors increases from the west to the east and with increasing population in the settlements of the Slovak Republic.

MATOUŠKOVÁ Milada:

Ecohydrological monitoring of the river habitat quality. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 109, 2, pp. 105–116 (2004). – Complex ecohydrological methods are of principal significance when evaluating the state of water ecosystems and they give also decisive information for their restoration. New approaches in the evaluation allow a broader view at the water ecosystem. The ecohydrological state of a stream is determined by a set of hydromorphological characteristics of the river channel, of its runoff, by hydrochemical and hydrobiological condition of water, by the character of bank and riparian belts and transformation of the floodplain. The new European Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) underlines the significance of ecohydrological methods. In the paper is represented a method of ecomorphological evaluation of streams habitat quality and its application on the model study area of the Rakovnický Brook.

Key words: ecohydrological monitoring – river habitat – river training – hydromorphology – vegetation belt – riparian zone – water basin.

MICHÁLEK Anton, PODOLÁK Peter:

Conditionality and regional differentiation of life expectancy of population in Slovakia. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 109, 3, pp. 236–251 (2004) – In comparison with the healthiest European populations, Slovakia is characterized by significantly lower values of life expectancy at birth, particularly of men. The aim of this paper is to identify the main possible reasons of this situation and to outline the probable influence and nature of the most important factors. The paper also deals with main characteristics and possible reasons of regional differentiation of this situation that shows significantly different values in different regions of the country.

KEY WORDS: life expectancy at birth – population of Slovakia – regional differentiation.

SALGADO Pilar Paneque, QUINTANA Serafín Corral, PEREIRA Ángela Guimaraes, DEL MORAL Ituarte Leandro, MATEOS Belén Pedregal :

The new EU water framework directive and participative evaluation processes: use of multicriteria tools in the evaluation of water management options in theCosta Del Sol (south Spain). Geografie Sborník ČGS, 109, 2, pp. 156-203 (2004). TheEuropean Union Water Framework Directive has become an engine of change in waterpolicy, particularly in so far as it prioritises the rational use of water, restoration of the goodecological status of water ecosystems and public participation ń diversity of perspectivesand values ń in decision-making, as a vital instrument to achieve these aims. This paperpresents the results of the implementation of a participatory evaluation process to assesswater management alternatives for the water supply in the Costa del Sol Occidental area in the province of Malaga. The techniques used in the process were multi-criteriaevaluation and social research, with the involvement of the social actors identified in theanalysis as a central tenet. It is maintained that by implementing participatory processes,it is possible to arrive at unconventional diagnoses, which can be developed into innovativewater management alternatives, and that by taking into account all the values andinterests at stake, it is possible to find solutions that overcome inertia, look beyond shorttermconsiderations and rationalize social conflicts and resistance.

KEY WORDS: water management – integrated evaluation – participation – stakeholders.

SPILKOVÁ Jana:

Contact systems, modern agglomeration advantages and foreign investors. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 109, 3, pp. 252–265 (2004) – So far, research on behaviour of foreign investors, their location decisions and contact systems and changing meaning of agglomeration advantages have been on the margin of both theoretical and empirical research in the Czech geography. This article is an introduction to these research problems that gain rising importance due to increasing foreign direct investments in the Czech Republic and also due to political efforts to support successful settlement of current foreign investors. First, the article explains the notion of contact system and gives a review of the most important literature concerned with this field of study. Second, it deals with the role of information in the modern competitive environment and with the new meaning of agglomeration advantages. Crucial theses on the topic are presented and briefly discussed. Finally, a further research agenda is sketched out and key research questions are outlined.

KEY WORDS: foreign investors – transition economies – contact systems – agglomeration advantages – information – networks – knowledge – geographical proximity.

ŠTIKA Rudolf:

Regional disparities in Czechia in 1990s in modern development context. – Geografie–Sborník ČGS, 109, 1, pp. 15–26 (2004). – Using a wide scale of indicators (economic, social and demographic) and different statistical methods for measuring variability (coefficient of variation, Gini’s coefficient, Theil’s index and standard deviation) this article tries to describe the evolution of regional variability during the 1990s in the Czech Republic in the context of long-term trends. Special attention is paid to a comparison of the variability figures in the 1990s with those in the 1920s and 1930s. An evaluation of the suitability of different indexes used in measuring regional variability is also made. The analysis proves that contemporary regional differentiation in the Czech Republic is not exceptional from the long-term perspective. The article also discusses the influence of the vertical and horizontal position of the regions on the success of their development in this respect. A brief international comparison at the end shows the position of Czech regional disparities within the group of EU countries.

Key words: regional disparities – long-term trends – 1990s – statistical methods – Czechia – EU.

Using GIS to detect neotectonics in the Vsetínské vrchy Mountains and in their surroundings. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 108, 2, pp. 101 – 114 (2003). – This paper discusses the advantages of GIS and numerical analysis in neotectonic studies. An accurate DEM is important for numerous geomorphic and hydrologic applications, particularly over large areas. The method is illustrated on the DEM of the Vsetínské vrchy Mountains, a 367 square km large area in the east of the Czech Republic. Comparing geological maps with large-scale morphometry shows a relationship between the rock resistance and topography. On average, higher mean elevations and steep slopes correlate well with regions of hard bedrock geology. The results together with new geological and geophysical findings show that the evolution of this part of the Outer Western Carpathian topography was proceeding continually. There is no reason to assume the presence of any periods of tectonic standstill here. The topographic relief probably has experienced the state of dynamic equilibrium.

Key words: GIS – digital elevation model – morphology – geomorphometric techniques – neotectonics – flysch – Vsetínské vrchy Mountains.

ČEKAL Jiří:

Migration of Southern Bohemia population during the period 1992 – 1998. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 108, 1, pp. 61 – 75 (2003). – The paper deals with regional and structural analysis of internal migration of the population in southern Bohemia between 1992-1998 in relation to the developments in the whole Czech Republic. As southern Bohemia, we understand the area of the contemporary Southern Bohemia Region. When evaluating migration in the given area, we used some basic indicators of demographic statistics, such as number of immigrants, number of emigrants, migration turn-over and net migration. The analysis also includes identification of main migration flows, the issue of migration motivation and an evaluation of the impact of migration on some structural characteristics of population, such as sex, age and educational structure.

KEY WORDS: internal migration – southern Bohemia – the 1990´s.

DANIELOVÁ Kateřina:

Racism and xenophobia in the Czech Republic. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 108, 1, pp. 115 – 129 (2003). – The aim of this article is to describe and to explain racism and xenophobia in the Czech Republic. The paper is based on some contemporary theories which explain racism and xenophobia as a consequence of a bad economic situation, of an increasing inflow of immigrants, of cultural differences between the majority and the immigrants coming from a different social environment, of modernization, urbanization and globalization which make people feel unsure and weak what leads them finally to intolerance towards the others. Some authors explain racism and xenophobia as an effort to safeguard the existing hierarchy in the society in view to justify the exploitation of immigrants. To describe and to explain racism and xenophobia, I analysed data describing prejudice, racially motivated crime and support of extremist movements by the czech population. I found that the current level of racism in the Czech Republic is not very high but that the Czech population is rather xenophobic. Racism and xenophobia are mainly influenced by the social climate of the locality and by the cultural distance between minorities and the majority.

Key words: immigration – ethnic minorities – prejudice – racism – xenophobia.

DRAHOŠOVÁ Alena:

Tourism in the Jeseníky region and the Javorník promontory. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 108, 4, pp. 289–303 (2003). – The contribution evaluates the development of tourism in the Jeseníky region and the Javorník promontory. Attention is paid to the methodology, which is based on already existing procedures. Approaches to the evaluation of tourism and used data sources are discussed and compared with the real state. In addition to the analysis of particular types of tourism existing in the region, the article makes comparison and indicates influences and relations among these types.

Key words: tourism – recreation – type of tourism – second housing – commercial forms of tourism – health resorts – recreational facility.

HAMPL Martin:

Differentiation and turns in regional development of Karlovy Vary region: A unique case or a general regional pattern? – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 108, 3, pp. 173–190 (2003). – The paper provides an empirical analysis of the long-term regional development process in a specific region of the Czech Republic. It also searches for a general pattern of the regional organisation of society. Particular emphasis is given to processes of concentration and hierarchisation of centres and regions during the industrial period. The analysis shows that after the Second World War three dramatic turns in the development of the region had negative impacts on social quality of the region and still appear to have on current post-industrial tendencies in the economic development. Finally, the paper examines complementary relationship between general and specific levels of regional analysis and assessment.

KEY WORDS: regional development – settlement hierarchy – general and specific – regional organisation of society.

CHORVÁT Tomáš:

Housing development in Banská Bystrica and its surroundings in the 1990´s. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 108, 3, pp. 202–215. – The paper deals with the development and trends in housing development in the town of Banská Bystrica and its surroundings in the last decade of the 20th century, which was the first decade of its post-socialist transformation. At first, the study discusses general sources and conditions of building and housing development in post-socialist cities in the Slovak Republic. The paper is centred on analyses and comparisons of the development of housing in family houses and blocks of flats, on their spatial distribution and on the background of their construction. The author clarifies also causal relationships connected with new tendencies and behaviour patterns of subjects of housing development (individuals, building companies, developers) in the region of Banská Bystrica.

Key words: housing development – physical spatial structure – post-socialist city – post-socialist transformation – Banská Bystrica.

KOLEJKA Jaromír:

Geoecological aspects of flood damages mitigation. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 108, 1, pp. 1 – 13 (2003). – The flood damages caused recently in the Czech Republic require additional measures both on rivers and in catchment areas. Cities and towns are especially interested in the protection because of their high vulnerability. Ecological (land use) and technical (reservoirs) measures are being planned in catchments to keep water in the landscape safe. The flood plain segmentation into sectors with different protective values and move of technical measures from rivers close to valuable objects and areas represent the vision of flood control downstream the rivers.

Key words: protection measures – catchment – floodplain.

KŘÍŽ Vladislav:

Changes and Particularities of Water Condition of the Ostravice River. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 108, 1, pp. 36 – 48 (2003). – Last year, urbanization and industrialization processes in the Ostrava region urgently brought in the necessity to build waterworks in the catchment area of the Ostravice River. From the head of the catchment downward, significant changes of dam streams occur; downstream, the influence of the industrial area also plays its role. At present, the daily, monthly and yearly flows are changing within the frame of flow regime control. The dam runoff control transfers a certain part of the runoff into the technological water circuit, which overpowered the natural rhythm of the daily flow in the snow melt period and changed the occurrence and duration of low-regime periods and floods. The impact on the temperature and ice conditions of the stream is effective in sections of dozens of kilometres long. Apart from the impact of dams, the lower course of the Ostravice is also affected by tempered effluent water. The extent of the hydrological regime changes alters the ecological characteristics of the river.

KEY WORDS: Ostravice River – changes in the hydrological regime – discharge – water balance – temperature of water – ice conditions – suspended load – ecological character.

KŘÍŽEK Marek:

Characteristic features of frost-riven cliffs: comparison of active frost-riven cliffs in the world and (non-active) frost-riven cliffs in the Rusavská hornatina (Mts.). – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 108, 4, pp. 261–276 (2003). – The author describes frost-riven cliffs, their occurrence, origin and development in different part of the world. He also focuses on periglacial processes (e.g. gelivation, cryoplanation) in the Pleistocene, which formed these landforms, and on processes of humid character in the Holocene, which influence and reform these frost-riven cliffs. The author compares frost-riven cliffs in the Rusavská hornatina (Mts.) (Moravian Carpathians) and frost-riven cliffs in other places of the world. He explains the difference between active frost-riven cliffs and „passive“ frost-riven cliffs.

KEY WORDS: frost-riven cliff – periglacial conditions – cryoplanation terrace – the Rusavská hornatina (Mts.).

MARADA Miroslav:

Transport infrastructure of centres in the Czech borderland. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 108, 2, pp. 130 – 145 (2003). – The article deals with the regional differentiation of Czechia at several levels: between inland and borderland, between the urbanized and the rural border regions and finally among nine individual border regions. The following characteristics are used for evaluation: mainly the aggregate and the relativized transport characteristics (quality and density of the railway and the road network; the rate of motorcars and then the selected „causal“ characteristics (population density, education index, economic level). Their interdependence is assessed with the help of correlation analysis. The inland – borderland differences are in the specific Czech conditions limited also from the viewpoint of the monitored transport characteristics – substantial differences are found within the Czech borderland, above all between the urbanized and the rural border regions. Another type of evaluation in this article is the research into the hierarchization of 170 centres from the point of view of their transport and complex significance. The transport hierarchy of centres is markedly more developed in the inland than in the borderland.

KEY WORDS: border region – regional differentiation – density of transport network – rate of motorcars – transport and complex hierarchy.

MIGOŃ Piotr:

Geomorphological evolution of the Polish part of the Sudetes – a review of results of recent research. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 108, 3, pp. 191-201 (2003). – This paper presents results of selected geomorphological studies published originally in Poland in the last decade and attempts to show the extent to which they complement or diverge from research carried out in the Czechia. It focuses on long-term landform evolution, the role of planation and differential tectonics, glacial and periglacial processes and identifies the scope for joint research efforts, which ultimately may lead towards a comprehensive, synthetic view of geomorphic evolution of the whole mountain range.

Key words: geomorphology – planation surfaces – tectonic landforms – glaciation – periglacial – Sudetes.

MICHÁLEK Alois:

Geography – terra incognita? – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 108, 1, pp. 76 – 91 (2003). – The article deals with geography at school, especially with geography taught at commercial secondary schools. It critically analyses the contemporary conception of geography curricula at this type of school and offers a rather different view of teaching geography in a way attempting to show goals, which are common in many countries. The Czech curricula still contain a lot of empirical knowledge. The article emphasizes active learning of geographical problems in a way developing critical thinking and an education to values enabling to live in the globalized world.

KEY WORDS: geographical literacy – geographical knowledge – geographical abilities – study unit – study program – reformation of geographical education.

NOVOTNÝ Josef:

Socio-geographical differentiation of the contemporary world. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 108, 1, pp. 14 – 35 (2003). – The paper refers to certain aspects of the geographical organization of society. Stress is given particularly to an assessment of socio-economic differentiation at the global scale. It means both evaluation of the structure of inequalities as well as of their developmental tendencies. The spatial distribution of population(s) as well as the distribution of the economic product (both within the world population and also among world region’s populations) is the main object of the assessment.

KEY WORDS: world – inequality – distribution – economics – population.

NÝVLT Daniel, MIXA, Petr:

Palaeogeographical development of the Antarctic Peninsula during the late Cainozoic. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 108, 4, pp. 245–260 (2003). – A geological research programme has been prepared as part of the activities of the Czech Republic to become a full member of the Antarctic Treaty Parties. In this paper, we review the present knowledge of the geological history of the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) and surrounding areas during the late Cainozoic. Particular attention is paid to James Ross Island, the site of the planned Czech Antarctic base. Glacial sediments older than Late Pleistocene are poorly preserved in and around the AP. The West Antarctic ice sheet is thought to have decayed during the last interglacial (OIS 5e), leaving only local centres of glaciation. Palaeogeographic development since the local Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ~20-13.2 ka BP) can be reconstructed with a reasonable degree of confidence. Ice shelves surrounding the AP reached the outer margin of the continental shelf during the LGM. Marine sedimentation replaced till deposition on the outer and middle shelf 11 ka BP, but the inner shelf was not deglaciated before 6 ka BP. Continental glaciers receded mainly during the early Holocene, 9–5 ka BP. Glacier re-advance took place on the AP and adjoining continent at ~5 ka BP, but was interrupted by the climatic warming which led to the Holocene climate optimum 4.2–3.0 ka ago. In view of the numerous disintegrations of AP ice shelves during the course of the Holocene, the present decay of some shelves does not represent an unusual event.

Key words: quaternary palaeogeography – glaciation – West Antarctic ice sheet – Atlantic Peninsula, James Ross Island.

ŘEZNÍKOVÁ Dana:

Geographic skills, their specifications and categorization. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 108, 2, pp. 146 – 163 (2003). – A large reform of educational system has been in course these last years in the Czech Republic. New pedagogical documents are being prepared to help to carry out changes in the general education in the context of the national strategy approved by the Government (White Book 2001). Pedagogical documents are formulated in a relatively general way, so that their effective usage is, among others, influenced by a uniform interpretation of key terms. They include geographic skills, the content of which is the theme of this paper. This term was defined on the basis of a comparison of different approaches. Individual geographic skills were then specified in detail and categorized in view to evaluate the performance of students within the general educational system. Two alternative proposals how to classify geographic skills were presented; they document, among others, a narrow interdependence between the way of classification and the selection of instruments to verify and to evaluate geographic skills.

KEY WORDS: geographic education – reform of educational system – geographic skills, their specification and categorization – evaluation.

SIWEK Tadeusz:

Virtual space in geography. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 108, 3, pp. 227-233 (2003). – Modern people more and more frequently experience imaginary virtual space. Thanks to computers we can not only imagine it now. Virtual world is obviously a topic of fantasy literature but can it be a topic of serious scientific research, too? Yes, it can. Simulations, prognoses and models are undoubtedly scientific tools but they do not represent the real world. One kind of virtual construction is a counterfactual one. It is an alternative simulation of reality. The historical fact is the one that has realized out of many possibilities. One fact even less probable than the others becomes a historic event and it is the only one that is worthy to be a topic of scientific analysis. Many historians are historian determinists – they write about historical events as they have happened. Virtual constructions can be used in advertisement, propaganda, teaching and science (including geography) as well. Several current positions of historical literature evidence that counterfactual analyses are very popular (see examples in the list of literature). Some counterfactual attitudes have been used in teaching at the Ostrava University since 2002. They are: alternative scenarios of development of America in seminars in regional geography and exercises of alternative perception of the problem of Teschen Silesia divided in 1920 between Poland and Czechoslovakia. They are still more topics for virtual or counterfactual analysis in the field of Czech geography, predominantly historical and political geography.

Key words: virtual – real – counterfactual – historical geography – political geography.

SPILKOVÁ Jana:

Shopping centre – a new phenomenon and developing consumer behaviour in the transformation period. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 108, 4, pp. 277–288 (2003). – This article deals with the question of large-scale retail concepts and in particular with the phenomenon of shopping centres. First, the issues of location and management of large shopping centres are discussed and basic problematical aspects of shopping centres are indicated. The situation of shopping centres and hypermarkets and their development in the Czech Republic are also shortly described. The second part of the article characterises emerging consumer behaviour and some ways of research into this question within this specific field of geography. Foreign experience and research methods concerning consumer behaviour are used in the study of the situation in the Czech Republic. A new model of developing shopping behaviour of customers in transforming economies is postulated. The model follows the basic perspective of social geography, i.e. the interaction between social processes and spatial structures.

KEY WORDS: shopping centre – hypermarkets – retail – consumer behaviour – transforming economies.

ŠTĚPANČÍKOVÁ Petra:

River Terraces at the lower course of the Sázava River from Vrabčí Brod to Kamenný Přívoz. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 108, 3, pp. 216–226. – A detailed geomorphological analysis of terraces within this part of the valley is submitted in the article. Only denudated relics of these terraces occur in the studied section of the valley. Comparison to the terrace system of the Vltava River was exerted for the arrangement of the Sázava terraces into the stratigraphical chronology. The terraces of the groups IIIA (Günz 2) up to VII (Würm) have been identified in the examined part of the Sázava valley.

KEY WORDS: geomorphology – river terraces – valley – Bohemian massif – Central Bohemian Hilly land.

VÍTEK Jan:

Recent landforms on the Cape Verde Islands relief. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 108, 1, pp. 49 – 60 (2003). – The article summarizes the results of studies on surface landforms existing in Cape Verde Islands, carried out at the beginning of 2002. Attention was focused especially at landforms originated by recent geological and geomorphological processes in six following islands: Sal, Santiago, Fogo, São Vicente, Santo Antão and São Nicolau. Basic features of the Cape Verdean relief came into existence mainly by volcanic activities and tectonic processes during the Mesozoic and the Cainozoic. The only active volcano is Pico Fogo (with its 2 829 meters the highest mountain of the whole archipelago) on Fogo Island. Holocene volcanic bodies also emerge separately in some other islands. The majority of recent relief forms resulted from exogenic processes like fluvial, littoral, aeolian, weathering and anthropogeneous processes, slope movements etc.

KEY WORDS: recent geomorphological processes – landforms – Cape Verde Islands.

Social geographic changes in the Ústí nad Labem region during the transformation stage. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 107, 1, pp. 63 – 77 (2002). – The article focuses the observation of social geographical changes that have occurred in the Ústí nad Labem region since 1989. On the one hand, we have been observing general trends typical for our society as a whole. On the other hand, we have traced certain inertia tendencies (ensuing from particularities in terms of location, population and economy) that differentiate the Ústí nad Labem region from the rest of the Czech Republic.

Key words: social geographical development – the factors of regional differentiation – Ústí nad Labem region.

ANDĚL Jiří:

The development of the settlement structure and population in the frontier districts in the Ústí Region. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 107, 3, pp. 243 – 259 (2002). – The aim of this article is to demonstrate the uniqueness of the territory studied and the singularity of the genesis of its settlement structure. The article attempts to outline the causes and consequences of the development within a broad spatial and functional context. The origin and development of most of the settlements that have been developing in the territory of the basin districts since the early Middle Ages, have been determined by nature, their location, but also by politics. Compared with other eras, the population of the frontier districts is distributed relatively evenly and all the particular settlements are of small extent. The critical changes took place during the periods of industrialization and subsequent urbanization. The process is shown in the synthetic part of the article (population median, concentration median etc.). Later, significant settlement centres developed in the basin area. They have kept growing since the half of the 20th century, even to the exclusion of the settlements that were demolished as a result of extensive opencast brown-coal mining.

KEY WORDS: historical-regional geography – socio-geographical region – settlement structure – Ústí Region.

ANDĚL Jiří, SUCHEVIČ Sáva, ŠKUBNOVÁ Veronika:

Recreation Potential in the Background of Ústí nad Labem City. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 107, 3, pp. 296 – 308 (2002). – The article evaluates the natural, cultural and historic preconditions of Ústí nad Labem for the recreational activities and their development. It defines localities of individual recreation and provides the results of a questionnaire survey carried out in some of them. The survey confirmed the hypothesis affirming that recreation places within the city are relatively closed and used dominantly by the inhabitants of the city.

Key words: recreation – natural preconditions – cultural and historical preconditions – recreation places.

BRÁZDIL Rudolf:

Meteorological extremes and floods in the Czech Republic – the natural trend or an impact of the global warming? – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 107, 4, pp. 349 – 370 (2002). – Meteorological extremes and floods cause every year considerable material damage and losses of human lives. The article summarises the present state of the study of this topic in the Czech Republic. It defines the concept of meteorological extremes and discusses problems of the starting data. The fluctuation of extreme daily precipitation totals, drought, floods and strong winds is illustrated on several examples. The results indicate the ambiguity of the observed trends in connection with the process of the global warming, which, according to the present ideas, should cause the increase in frequencies and intensity of many extremes. The importance of historical-climatological data is stressed for extending the information about meteorological extremes and floods to the period before the beginning of systematic observations. The problem of impacts of meteorological extremes is discussed as well as measures aiming at the minimalization of material damage and victims.

KEY WORDS: meteorological extremes – precipitation – drought – floods – gales – Czech Republic.

BRÁZDIL Rudolf, VALÁŠEK Hubert:

Meteorological measurements and observations at Zákupy in 1718 – 1720. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 107, 1, pp. 1 – 22 (2002). Meteorological observations of the physician Johann Carl Rost at Zákupy (north Bohemia) in the years 1718 – 1720, published in the overviews of meteorological observations from several European localities by a Wrocław physician Johann Kanold, are analysed. Whereas from October 1718 to December 1719 and from April to December 1720 it is only summary monthly information, from 21 December 1719 to 31 March 1720 Rost performed three times a day measurements of air temperature and pressure and observations of the wind direction and the course of the weather. These records are the object of detailed climatological analysis, completed by the reconstructed surface pressure field of these months. The summarising monthly information is compared with accessible data of Czech narrative sources. Rost’s observations are so far the oldest systematic instrumental measurements in the Czech Lands.

KEY WORDS: meteorological measurements – air pressure – air temperature – wind direction – Johann Carl Rost – Zákupy.

BRZÓSKA Martin, CHVÁTALOVÁ Alena, KUNC Karel:

Hydro-reclamation as an element of land regeneration in the Podkrušnohoří region. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 107, 3, pp. 230 – 242 (2002). – The report deals with the reclamation and revitalization carried out in the brown-coal field area in the Ore Mountains foothills with extensive open coal mining. Three basic modes of reclamation (agricultural, forest, and hydro) are mentioned. Considering the environmental, technical, and financial perspectives, the decision to flood residual pit mines is assessed as the most convenient alternative. Utilization of new ponds will be multifunctional. There are nevertheless many risks relating to this project, unique in the Czech Republic. They are concretised in the example of the Chabařovice residual pit mine, which is already being flooded.

Key words: brown coal mining – hydro-recultivation – Czechia – Podkrušnohoří.

DOSTÁL Petr:

EU enlargement and the public opinion on the Czech Republic: an explanatory analysis. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 107, 2, pp. 121 – 138 (2002). – The article provides an analysis of the public opinion in EU countries on the anticipated Czech membership. Public opinion and mass interest articulations are central to studies on European integration. Macro-geographical structure of the EU and its enlarged periphery of associated countries is examined in order to derive basic explanatory assumptions. The differentiation in the support for the Czech membership is explained with the help of structural variables and public opinion variables. Statistical analysis (LISREL model) shows the importance of post-materialist value orientation of the EU populations for their support given to the enlargement with the Czech Republic. The public in rich and large countries and in French-speaking parts of the EU tends to give less support for the Czech accession indicating that a strong integrative sense of a larger European community still has to emerge.

Key words: European Union enlargement – public opinion – Czech Republic.

HAMPL Martin:

Regional organisation of society: principles and problems of the research. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 107, 4, pp. 333 – 348 (2002). – The article focuses on general problems of human geography such as definition of subject of the study, nature of geographical regularities or possibilities of explanation. Two fundamental properties of geosocietal systems and their conditioning are emphasised. First, there is the qualitative heterogeneity of conditioning factors leading the specialisation of parts and corresponding territorial division of labour/activities in the framework of the geosocietal systems. Second, there is the functional and size differentiation of parts (settlements, regions, etc.) having its basic order in the hierarchical form of organization of these systems. Research themes of high priority in human geography have to be forms of hierarchies and mechanisms of their creation and the relation of hierarchical organisation to territorial division of labour.

KEY WORDS: human geography – regional organisation – hierarchy – complex regime – regularities of differentiation.

HYNEK Alois::

The Challenges of IGU Helsinki Symposium for the Czech geographical education. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 107, 1, pp. 396 – 406 (2002). – Apologizing the traditional/conservative state of geographical education for years in the Czechlands causes serious troubles in an international communication evident by comparison with IGU-CGE Helsinki symposium, 2001. Prevailing individual and encyclopedia facts/concepts in the Czech geographical education describing geographical reality can only help for being competent at TV quizzes as the Millionaire. Not only reflexive, but also socially constructed geography ought to be accepted in geographical education. The competence and agency is the main challenge for geographical education at the starting point of a new Czech geography curriculum.

KEY WORDS: innovative practices in geographical education – international and the Czech situation – competence and agency in geographical education.

JANSKÝ Bohumír:

Changing Water Quality in the Czech Part of the Elbe Catchment Area in the 1990s. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 107, 2, pp. 98 – 110 (2002). – The Elbe is the largest river of the Czech Republic. On the state boundary it has an average long-term flow rate of 315 m3/s and it drains 2/3 of Czech territory into the North Sea. The alluvial plain of the Elbe was from the very beginning of our history an important migration corridor and later it gained a substantial economic significance. The impulse for the cooperation of Czechs and Germans on the Elbe was the unification of Germany. In 1990 an “Agreement about the International Commission for the Protection of the Elbe” was signed, and in 1992 regular Czech-German expert seminars started to take place. Geographers from the Faculty of Natural Sciences of Charles University in Prague participated in the cooperation with German academic institutions. They introduced some new methodical approaches into the research of surface water quality and they achieved a number of valuable results. In twelve years of intensive scientific activities and substantial financial investments into the sanitation of sewage water from the largest pollution sources, water quality in the Elbe has improved markedly.

KEY WORDS: water quality – Elbe catchment area – Magdeburg Seminars – Czech-German cooperation – regional approach to water quality – negative influence of agriculture – development of surface water pollution.

JEŘÁBEK Milan:

Czech-Saxon Cross-Border Cooperation With Special Attention to the Elbe/Labe Euroregion. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 107, 3, pp. 260 – 276 (2002). – The paper deals with cross-border cooperation, which, since the 1990’s, has become an indelible element of regional development of Czech borderland areas. The most important role is played by the Interreg initiative and the CBC PHARE programme. The level and the uality of practical cross-border cooperation are, among other factors, mainly affected by general conditions and geographical position. Particular cases of cross-border cooperation are carried through in various fields (e.g. the arts) on all macro, mezzo and micro levels in a wide range of forms (e.g. partnerships between settlements). Euroregions play the cardinal part in initiating and co-ordinating European integration. The Elbe/Labe Euroregion is one of the 5 Euroregions, which are located on the Czech – German border. Cross-border cooperation is there mainly carried through particular projects, the specification of which is outlined in this paper. The greatest attention is paid to conception issues and to the development of regions.

Key words: Borderland areas – cross-border cooperation – European integration – Euroregion – CBC PHARE – INTERREG.

LANGHAMMER Jakub:

Evaluation of non-point sources of surface water pollution. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 107, 1, pp. 23 – 39 (2002). The non-point pollution sources represent an increasingly important component of the total pollution balance in the country as a result of a gradual reduction of the pollution load from point sources of surface water pollution. As this pollution component cannot be directly measured, various methods of calculation and modelling are used. The author has developed a new methodology for accurate evaluation of the spatial distribution of the pollution load from a river basin under the form of an empirical grid-based GIS model. The article describes this methodology and its application to the Berounka river basin with the aim to evaluate the spatial distribution of the load of the key pollution parameters.

Key words: water quality – non-point pollution – GIS – models.

KLIMEŠ Jan:

Analysis of the Causative Factors of Landslides Triggered by the Extreme Rainfalls in 1997, Vsetín District, Czechia. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 107, 1, pp. 40 – 49 (2002). The main objective of this study is to determine and analyse the terrain conditions which contributed to the evolution of landslides after the 1997 rain event and to perform the slope instability hazard zonation mapping of the Soláň Brook sample drainage basin. The GIS means are used for compilation of the slope instability hazard zonation map.

KEY WORDS: landslides – causative factors – Vsetín District, Czechia.

KOPAČKA Ludvík:

Energy, economy and environment in the Czech Republic. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 107, 2, pp. 139 – 155 (2002). – The author deals in this paper with contemporary situation and problems of energy and power industry in the Czech Republic with respect to the transition processes since 1989. The paper analyses the roots of structural deformations and concentrates itself on some aspects of production and consumption of primary energy resources and electricity. After historical introduction the paper attempts to analyze the core of energy problem, changes of the overall energy balance, special attention is given to the importance, exploitation and environmental impacts of the coal mining and to the crucial crossway between brown coal and nuclear energy by the production of electricity. Conclusion evaluates main results of transition in the energy industry and deduces strategic courses of the solution of the Czech energy as a part of the general economic development.

Key words: transition – primary energy resources – energy demandingness – energy balance – hard (brown) coal mining – electricity production – steam (nuclear) power plants – uranium industry – environment.

MÜLLER Bernhard, ROCH Isolde:

Problémy pohraničí a perspektivy přeshraniční spolupráce ze středoevropského pohledu. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 107, 4, pp. 383 – 395 (2002). – Němečtí autoři přicházejí s pohledem „zvenčí“ na problematiku pohraničí a přeshraniční spolupráce, a to na úrovni středoevropské a česko-německé. V obecné části vycházejí z všeobecně známého Martinezova modelu. Předpokládají, že s ohledem na rozšíření Evropské unie dojde k nárůstu významu pohraničí. Mezi aktéry přeshraniční spolupráce a příslušné struktury – vždy s odpovídající funkcí – patří na jednotlivých řádovostních úrovních: celostátní instituce, euroregiony, rozvojové agentury, obce, jakož i různá sdružení (spolky), firmy či iniciativy. Dále jsou analyzovány zkušenosti z česko-německého pohraničí, kde jsou využívány programy Interreg a Phare CBC. Nejvíce realizovaných projektů se řadí do cestovního ruchu a ekonomického rozvoje, územně se koncentrují do Euroregionu Nisa. V sousedských vztazích lze definovat pozitivní, ale i negativní aspekty. Zlepšení v této oblasti je navrhováno prostřednictvím opatření („stavebních kamenů“) jako předškolní výchova, školní vzdělávání, další vzdělávání pedagogů, hospodářské podniky, práce s veřejností). Tím bude dosaženo perspektivního cíle: decentralizované kooperace a vytvoření zóny ekonomické integrace.

KLÍČOVÁ SLOVA: česko-německé pohraničí – Euroregion Nisa – přeshraniční spolupráce – střední Evropa.

POŠTOLKA Václav:

Czech Geography and Environmental Issues after 1989. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 107, 1, pp. 50 – 62 (2002). The contribution brings the author‘s personal views and attempts reflecting some of the important events, outcomes and trends in the Czech geography dealing with environmental issues in the first period after the 1989 turnover. The environmental issues permanently provide a large and significant – but after 1989 much more open and challenging – arena to geography. The author illustrates and tries to stress in a critical way based on several selected examples and activities that both geography / geographers activities and geographical studies / aspects / approaches did not effectively use this opportunity nor did they penetrate into the newly evolved and newly forming science and practice policies. On the contrary, the Czech geography’s position in terms of environmental issues can be seen as defensive and therefore also weakening, especially in comparison with the development in the former German Democratic Republic and Poland. For instance, the Institute of Geography, Czechoslovak Academy of Science, which prepared and published the unique Atlas of Environment and Population Health of Czechoslovakia (1992) was abolished. Geography, however, must not resign from its role and ambitions to be one of the very important, maybe key disciplines dealing with the environmental issues.

Key words: Czech geography – environmental issues – 1989-95 events – priorities and projects – affected areas – Atlas of Environment and Health.

POŠTOLKA Václav:

Developement, particularities and problems of territorial administrative division of north-western Bohemia. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 107, 3, pp. 277 – 295 (2002). – The area of the North-Western Bohemia (NWB, covered by three from the 1st January 2000 in the Czech Republic 14 existing new counties) will be divided from 1st January 2003 – in compliance with ongoing public administration reforms – to 33 new and smaller „districts“ (instead of more than 40 years existing 14 districts). The paper deals with internal territorial division of public administration units (counties and districts) of the NWB area in the past (see enclosed tables). In order to assess and classify both necessity and significance of recently proposed centers and their future areas the author applies to assess their „population size“ (which is one of key aspects used in the reform proposals). According to the new districts „population size“ – the average size is only 47 thsd inh. The author identifies group of the „smaller and disputable districts“, in which he looks one of very dispute and risky results of the reform. This is emphasized by comparison with the simultaneous development and achieved results of the territorial division in the neighbouring countries Saxony / Germany and Lower Silesia / Poland. After completion of this paper the Senat of the Czech Republic approved this proposal, but moreover the number of all the new „districts“ for the whole CR territory grow up from 194 up to 205 units (instead of 76 existing districts).

Key words: North – Western Bohemia – public administration division in the past and its new changes – new counties and new declared districts and their centers – disputable centers and districts – comparison with Saxony / Germany and Lower Silesia / Poland.

RYCHTAŘÍKOVÁ Jitka:

Czech mortality patterns: the past, the present, and regional dissimilarities. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 107, 2, pp. 156 – 170 (2002). – In the interwar period, life expectancy at birth in the Czech Republic was close to the levels observed in France. After the World War II, three dissimilar stages in the development of life expectancy at birth became apparent in the Czech Republic: 1. between World War II and the mid-1960s characterized by mortality decrease; 2. from the mid-1960s to the mid-1980s, showing the deterioration of the survival rate; and 3) from the mid-1980s or the beginning of the 1990s to the present with a reappearance of a new decline in mortality. The recent improvements in the survival rate have been primarily due to the reduction of mortality from circulatory diseases and at older ages. Significantly diverse cause-of-death profiles were found in the Ostrava, Zlín, Karlovy Vary and the Central Bohemia regions, with similar deviations for both sexes in 1994 – 1997.

KEY WORDS: Mortality – Czech Republic – regional differences by cause.

VAISHAR Antonín:

Development of the settlement system in the Ostrava agglomeration and possibilities of its restructuring. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 107, 2, pp. 171 – 188 (2002). – Large-scale coal-mining regions were showing specific settlement from the 19th century. The original typical system with towns as centres and their hinterlands was remodelled to a mosaic of coal pits, miner colonies (later housing quarters) and industrial factories interwoven with a dense web of infrastructure. The region of Ostrava is one of examples; here the mining of black coal linked up with the metallurgy of iron, heavy engineering and chemical industry. The region’s economic base has experienced a restructuring in connexion with social changes after the year 1989 with individual towns seeking new functions and place in the system of settlement.

Key words: settlement system – Ostrava agglomeration (Czechia) – coal mining and metallurgy restructuring.

VOŽENÍLEK Vít:

Terrain Sensitivity in environmental models. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 107, 2, pp. 111 – 120 (2002). – Environmental models involved many spatial components. A terrain (Earth’s surface) is often included as crucial factor of modelled processes. Terrain is a continuous phenomenon that is represented by various discrete or networked means. This dimensional variability in representation process impacts in both inherent terrain parameters (incl. surface forms) and modelled outcomes. The paper treats various aspects and shows them in examples.

Key words: Environmental models – terrain sensitivity – GIS – digital terrain models.

VOŽENÍLEK Vít:

Geoinformatic literacy: indispensability or nonsense? – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 107, 4, pp. 371 – 382 (2002). – (Geo)information technologies have impacted most scientific fields. Geography takes part in this progress and educates new generation of decision makers which will be able to apply the latest scientific outcomes in many branches of science, society and landscape. This situation strongly requires geoinformatic literacy. The geoinformatic literacy consists of geographic, cartographic and informatic literacy. There are two main ways of applying geoinformatic literacy in geographic practice – awareness and using. A current multidisciplinarity in geographic applications requires awareness of fundamental knowledge of geoinformatics and their technologies. Geographers need either to understand GI-experts (involved in projects) or to process procedures of geoinformation technologies (GIS, GPS, remote sensing, geostatistics etc.).

Key words: literacy – geoinformatics – geography – education.

Czech Agriculture after 1990. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS 106, 4, pp. 209–221 (2001). – The paper describes the Czech agriculture in thr transformation period after 1990. It analyses the basic changes, which has occurred in Czechia since the end of the totalitarian period. Attention is also paid to the development of the systém ob subsidies, to the changes in the intensity of agricultural production, to the changes in alimentary consumption and especially to regional impacts of the transformation processes in the Czech agriculture. The SWOT analysis of the Czech agriculture is also discussed.

Key words: agricultural production – alimentary consumption – transformation processes – regional impacts.

BRÁZDIL Rudolf, VALÁŠEK Hubert:

The Description of the Climate of Moravia by Kryštof Passy from the year 1797. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 106, 4, pp. 234–250 (2001). – The manuscript of the “Introduction to the Knowledge on the Hereditary Markgraviate of Moravia” as an appendix to the lecture of political science at the Olomouc lyceum written in 1797 by prof. Kryštof Passy deals also in several paragraphs with the description of the climate of Moravia. The author, departing from the meteorological observations by Josef Gaar in Olomouc, mentions the description of air pressure, temperature and moisture, evaporation and wind. Besides the description of regional peculiarities of the Moravian climate, Passy tries to explain their causes and deals in detail with the effect of eight basic wind directions on changes in air temperature, air moisture and the course of weather from January to July. Passy’s description is verified with respect to the results of modern measurements and the present-day knowledge on Moravian climate.

Key words: the climate of Moravia – meteorological measurements in Olomouc – meteorological elements – Kryštof Passy – Josef Gaar.

CZUDEK Tadeáš, HILLER Achim:

Development of the Odra River floodplain in the Ostrava Basin. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 106, 2, pp. 94–99 (2001). – 14C dating on 8 samples of subfossil trunks (“black oaks”) indicates the Holocene age of the upper parts of the valley bottom gravel of the Odra River in the Ostrava Basin. These strata west of the town of Bohumín were redeposited during hazard floods shortly after 760 ± 70 BP.

Key words: floodplain deposits – radiocarbon dating – hazard floods.

DAŇHELKA Jan:

Dendrogeomorphological research of a landslide area near Čeřeniště. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 106, 3, pp. 166–177 (2001). – This paper presents the results of the pH research in a landslide area in the České středohoří Mts. on the right bank of the Labe River antecedent valley (Ústí nad Labem district, Czechia). At first some dendrogeomorphologic methods are outlined. A short view of physical geography of the region and the landslide locality is also mentioned. The history of landslide activity in the last 60 years and a geomorphologic map of area were constructed.

Key words: dendrogeomorphology – landslide activity – České středohoří Mts. – Labe River valley.

DOKOUPIL Jaroslav:

Cross-Border Cooperation as a Constituent of the Regional Development of the Czech-Bavarian Borderland. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS 106, 4, pp. 270–279 (2001). – The article presents the development of the Czech-Bavarian borderland as a comparison of the preliminary results of the 2001 people, flats and houses census with the 1991 one. The mentioned comparison shows a certain revival in the West Bohemia borderland. Short-term features based on substantial changes of the situation are still prevailing within this revival. From the long-term point of view and in connection with the Czech Republic´s preparation for the entry to the European Union, the development of the borderland region is not sufficient.

Key words: Czech-Bavarian borderland – cross-border cooperation – population development.

FIALOVÁ Dana:

Second Housing and Its Relations to Peripheral Regions. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 106, 1, pp. 36–47 (2001). – The article aims to define the role of second housing on the Czech territory with regards to the current settlement structure and its history. The emergence of second houses that came to existence through functional conversion of formerly permanently inhabited houses can serve as one of indicators for delimitation of peripheral regions. Such peripheral regions, however, have specific characteristics as the use of these regions varies greatly during the year and even during one week.

Key words: second housing – recreational house –settlement system –peripheral region.

FŇUKAL Miloš:

Political-Geographical Consequences of the Yugoslavia Crisis. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 106, 3, pp. 133–147 (2001). – The aim of the article is to interpret the changes of the political-geographical organization of the former Socialistic Federative Republic of Yugoslavia territory, with a special reference to the decline of this state. It evaluates the political-geographical influence of the position, geographical environment and historical development of the observed territory.

Key words: Yugoslavia – nationalism – disintegration.

HAVLÍČEK Tomáš, CHROMÝ Pavel:

Contribution to the theory of polarized development of a territory, with a special attention paid to peripheral regions. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 106, 1, pp. 1–11 (2001). – The article makes a survey of aspects for evaluation of a periphery in geographic sciences. The definition of the terms “periphery” and “marginality” is discussed. An attention is paid to evaluation aspects and types of polarities defining peripheries. A periphery is understood as a consequence of an asymmetry in organization of a territory, a society, etc. The article takes into account the development of the relation core/centre – periphery and, in their delimitation, differentiates the objective and the subjective viewpoints. Determining factors and actors´ behaviour in the framework of the development of peripheries, or their individual types, are observed.

Key words: periphery – marginality – core – polarization of territorial organization.

JANČÁK Vít:

Contribution to the geographical research on peripheral regions at the microregional level. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 106, 1, pp. 26–35. – The article deals with the results of research on peripheral regions at the microregional level. The results of field research in four model territories selected in regions with different geographical conditions are evaluated. The resulting SWOT analysis of different model regions is given and compared. The second part of the contribution interprets the subjective perception of a selected population sample in the model territories, the results of a questionnaire inquiry done in all the model regions are evaluated and compared.

Key words: peripheral regions – microregional level – model region – SWOT analysis – questionnaire inquiry.

JANSKÝ Bohumír, PIVOKONSKÝ Martin:

Development of surface water quality in the Cidlina River catchment area. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 106, 2, pp. 74–93 (2001). – The article evaluates the development and the present state of surface water quality in the Cidlina River catchment area. Besides the water quality, the article analyses individual economic activities, which significantly affect the water quality. The attention is paid not only to the water chemism, but also to the biological evaluation of the water quality. An analysis of water pollution causes is done and propositions how to improve the present state of water quality in the catchment are presented.

Key words: Cidlina River catchment area – surface water quality – sources of industrial, communal and agricultural pollution – classes of water purity – chemical and biological evaluation of water quality – water protection measures.

KOLEJKA Jaromír:

Geoecological aspects of flood origin and consequences. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 106, 2, pp. 65–73 (2001). – Natural and human factors affect the origin and course of floods in various combinations dependently on the scale. The role of global, regional, landscape and local level flood factors is discussed. The importance of the geographical position of the site endangered by a flood is also evaluated.

Key words: flood – landscape factors – scale – location.

MARADA Miroslav:

Delimitation of peripheral regions of Czechia and their features studied with the help of statistical analysis. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 106, 1, pp. 12–24 (2001). – The paper examines the possibilities of using statistical analysis when studying peripheral regions on the case of Czechia. At first, peripheral districts were delimited with the help of componental analysis on the basis of six indices. The only extracted component is interpreted and the distribution of districts component scores is depicted in a cartogram. Peripheral regions are shortly commented. Secondly, the calculated componental score was correlated to the districts location indices and to the physical geographical characteristics in view to describe the impact of natural conditions and geographic position on the current location of peripheral and core territories. The attention is also paid to the correlations of the componental score to the selected social economic indices and the established relations are commented. Finally, the author tries to formulate a definition of peripheral region under the conditions of the Czech Republic.

Key words: core – periphery – district – componental analysis – correlation.

PÁNEK Tomáš:

Morphostructural analysis of the Czech part of the Čantoryjská hornatina Hilly Region. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 106, 3, pp. 148–165 (2001). – The article evaluates the morphostructural construction of the Czech part of the Čantoryjská hornatina Hilly Region with taking full advantage of a detailed geomorphologic mapping and multicriterial morphostructural analysis. As a result of the upper Tertiary and Quaternary neotectonics, there arose a graded internally ranged morphostructure with features of vaulted deformations and faults.

Key words: Slezské Beskydy Mountains– Čantoryjská hornatina Hilly Region – mapping of morphostructures – flysch rocks.

PÁSKOVÁ Martina:

Sustainable tourism development. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 106, 3, pp. 178–195 (2001). – This article presents current issues related with the relationship between tourism and environment. It gives a brief overview of various definitions, aspects and approaches to the tourism sustainability. The article summarizes the negative impacts of tourism and explains the life cycle of the tourism destination. The purpose of the article is to draw attention to the fact that tourism is a complex socio-economic phenomenon, multidimensional in character, with significant impacts on the environment but depending also on environmental quality. This feedback mechanism has to be understood and incorporated into the policy making activities.

Key words: sustainable development – tourism destination – carrying capacity – life cycle – environmental indicators.

PŠENÁKOVÁ Petra, STUCHLÍK Evžen, LELLÁK Jan:

Morphometrical parameters of the Drásov drinking water reservoir near Příbram and of the flooded quarries of Řečický lom near Blatná and Smaragdové jezírko in the Brdy Mountains. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 106, 2, pp. 110–121 (2001). – Bathymetrical measurements were carried out in three water bodies in Central and South Bohemia: the Drásov drinking water reservoir and two flooded quarries – Řečický lom and Smaragdové jezírko, as a part of a limnological research done by the pedagogical staff and the undergraduate students of the Department of Hydrobiology, Charles University in Prague. Bathymetrical maps, the morphometrical parameters of the basins and the physical-chemical parameters of the water column, such as thermal condition, pH and dissolved oxygen and hydrogen sulphide concentration, are presented in the article.

Key words: bathymetrical map – morphometry.

RÖLC Robert:

Transport accessibility and regional significance of regional centres. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 106, 4, pp. 222–233 (2001). – The article is devoted to the comparison of three kinds of regionalization of the Czech Republic. The first one is the administrative division of the state. The second one is the regionalization of public transport (accessibility of regional centres). The third one is the system of natural/organic sociogeographic regions of selected centres. The degree of similarity of different regional structures, with a special regard to the consequences of the change of the number of regional centres (formerly 7, newly 13), is evaluated.

Key words: Regional centres – transport regionalization – change of administrative regions.

SEDLÁK Pavel:

Digital geological data for geographical GIS applications. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 106, 2, pp. 100–109 (2001). – This article presents a view on the potential source of digital geological data in the Czech Republic. There are described the data gathered by the institutions of the national geological service, public administration, schools and some other organisations. The article also points to the criteria, which every user should respect when gathering digital geological data.

Key words: GIS – digital data – data sources – geology.

VAISHAR Antonín, KALLABOVÁ Eva:

The Development of services in small Moravian towns after the year 1990. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 106, 4, pp. 251–269 (2001). – A complex geographical analysis of twelve Moravian towns with less than 15 thousand inhabitants has been made. Within this analysis, the services fulfilling the following main functions have been evaluated: meeting the needs of inhabitants, solving the problems of workers dismissed from production, realization of town creating function and promoting cultural activities. An evaluation of towns has been made and the main barriers in service activities were identified. The level of services in each town depends, apart from the human factor, on the size of the local market, the status of the town in the settlement system and on each town’s specific conditions. Nowadays, small towns are re-evaluating their visions of the future, where the role of services is important.

Key words: Moravia – small towns – tertiary sector – transition.

Morphotectonic features of the relief in the drainage area of the upper Jihlava River. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 105, 3, pp. 276–285 (2000). – The results of the morphostructural analysis based on detailed geomorphologic mapping, as well as an analysis of fissures and fault tectonics are presented. The research leads to a deeper knowledge on the geomorphologic evolution of the area.

Key words: morphotectonics – geomorphologic development – Českomoravská vrchovina Highland. BIČÍK Ivan, HAMPL Martin:

Czech Human Geography: Research and Problems. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 105, 2, pp. 118–128 (2000). – The contribution has two main aims. Firstly, it is an evalution of contemporary research trends in the Czech human geography. The consequences of the recent long – lasting isolation of the Czech Republic, as well as the impact of current world human geography are both expolred and assessed. Secondly, theoretical issues of human geography are discussed, such as the cognitive functionof geography, its relations to social and environmental sciences, problem of regularities in human geographical realm, etc.

Key words: paradigms of human geography – research topics – classification of real systems – hierarchical organization. BRZÁK Martin:

Contribution to the geomorphology of the southernmost part of the Třebíč Massif. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 105, 4, pp. 347–360 (2000). – Geological maps, with the exception of the newest ones, present this part of the Třebíč Massif in the studied area incorrectly as a part of the Moldanubicum. Conspicuous Neogene tectonic forms (e. g. fault-line valleys, fault-angle valleys) were discovered in the SE marginal part of the massif. Relations between the Tertiary and the older (mainly Variscan) tectonics were studied. Regularity of spatial distribution of the most frequent durbachite forms, as low exfoliation domes, was founded.

Key words: The Třebíč Massif – durbachite – fault-line valley – fault-angle valley – exfoliation. BUZEK Ladislav:

Erosion of forest soil under conditions of higher precipitation and snow melt (case study central part of the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mountains). – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 105, 4, pp. 317–332 (2000). – Water erosion is an important degradation agent not only on the agricultural land but it also shows up on the forested soil. It is associated with the progress of forest mechanisation and with changing forest cover and occurs especially under exceptional hydrometeorological situations. Intensive water erosion is often combined with gravitation processes (landslides). Research of water erosion has been organized by the Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology of the Ostrava University since 1976 in the central part of the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mountains (especially in the basin of the Upper Ostravice River). The article shows results of analysis of suspended load régime between 1976 and 1998. Suspended load as a transition part of the erosional products is an evidence of the intensity of erosional processes of the observed catchment.

Key words: water erosion – suspended load – water runoff – precipitation. DANĚK Petr:

Does exist a political culture of the Czech borderland? – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 105, 1, pp. 50–62 (2000). – The article analyses the differences in voting behaviour of the population in borderland and „inland“ of the Czech Republic as spatial units sharply differing in their migration history in the 1940´s: the borderland being a target region of a large-scale resettlement following the expulsion of Germans in 1945-46, while the inland was source region of the migrations. The results of the 1992, 1996 and 1998 parliamentary elections were analysed on two hierarchical levels by ANOVA models to test the hypothesis that the borderland and the inland are significantly different from the point of view of voting behaviour of the population. Four out of eight variables describing voting behaviour have distinct values for the borderland and the inland, even after setting apart the impact of differences in the population structure by incorporation of covariates into the model. It suggests that the pre-war ethnic boundary within the Czech Lands is a significant contextual factor standing behind the variability of electoral results still in the 1990´s.

Key words: voting behaviour – analysis of variance – migration history – social structure – borderland – Czech Lands. DOKOUPIL Jaroslav:

Theoretical approaches to the problems of borderland with application in the Czech-Bavarian space. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 105, 1, pp. 10–18 (2000). – The paper deals with the functional impact of the border on the borderland with the help of theoretical models of situations in the borderland and border effects. The new situation in Europe demands to complete the existent theoretical constructions by new factors. Theoretical approaches are applied in the Czech-Bavarian space.

Key words: border – borderland – model – effect – Czechia – Bavaria. HAMPL Martin:

Border regions in the Czech Republic: contemporary tendencies of development differentiation. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 105, 3, pp. 241–254 (2000). – The article focuses on problems of current tendencies differentiating between borderland and inland, and among border regions themselves. First, the borderland – inland differences are still limited, but they will be probable deepening in future. Second, the differences among border regions are important both in intensity of settlement and in economic level, and in current development dynamics. Key factors of regional differentiation appear to be macro – locational position and inherited economic specialization.

Key words: regionalization and typology – factors of regional differentiation – problems of economic restructuralization. HAVLÍČEK Tomáš:

The population development in the borderland of South Bohemia and Upper Austria after the Second World War. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 105, 1, pp. 77–85 (2000). – The article briefly analyses the population development in the Czech-Austrian borderland and that in five time horizons during the period 1950-1997. The model territory (municipalities of four near-border districts) manifested a very intensive development of the number of inhabitants due mainly to the transfer of the inhabitants of German nationality after the Second World War and the establishment of the so-called iron curtain. What a strong barrier for population development was the existence of the iron curtain and has its fall caused new development tendencies? In general it can be said that nearer the locality was to the border line, more the number of inhabitants stagnated or even decreased. After the fall of the iron curtain the model territory has been getting more attractive and the number of inhabitants has been progressively growing.

Key words: population – borderland – South Bohemia – Upper Austria. HYNEK Alois:

Training Geography Educators. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 105, 2, pp. 177–189 (2000). – Czech didactic methods of geography ( teaching/learning geography) has just started its fifth wave in training geography educators at eight university faculties. The current debate is on developing a curriculum emphasizing the position of geography education as the applied discipline of the science/art of geography. ‘ Challenge for 10 million’ is a national debate on the Czech educational system organized by the governmental Dept. of Schools, Youth and Physical Culture, being very critical to teaching geography at primary and secondary schools. That is the reason for the strong re-assessment of social, environmental/ecological, economic, cultural and political relevance on the subject of geography in the educational process. This discourse is also intended for international communication starting in the educational commission of IGU/UGI.

Key words: Geography educators – study programmes – didactic methods of geography – educational reform. CHROMÝ Pavel:

Historical-geographical aspects of delimitation of the borderland and of its geographical analysis. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 105, 1, pp. 63–76 (2000). – The article deals with alternative possibilities of delimitation of border territories in Czechia from historical-geographical and cultural-geographical points of view and with the indispensable usage of historical analysis of territory in geographical analysis of territory. An attention is paid to suggestions of a possible orientation of regional geographical research and to spatial variability of Czech borderland in time. The conclusion outlines the typology of the borderland from the point of view of its inner differentiation of the functional-spatial dynamism and social-spatial transformations during the last 150 years.

Key words: historical-regional geography – cultural geography – historical-geographical region – border – borderland – regional identity. JANSKÝ Bohumír:

A New Survey of Sources of the Amazon. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 105, 2, pp. 129–140 (2000). – From the 16th of June to the 1st of July 1999 the expedition Hatun Mayu (meaning Big River in Quechua) explored the source area of the Apurímac River in southern Peru. The seven member expedition was lead by the author of this article, a member of the Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague. The aim of the group was to measure the lenght of the main source of the Apurímac River currently considered by most hydrologists as the longest source segment of the Amazon. In addition, the expedition members maesured flows and altitudes in order to create the lenghtwise profile of the Río Carhuasanta stream.

Key words: Amazon – Apurímac River – Río Carhuasanta stream – expedition Hatun Mayu. JEŘÁBEK Milan:

Borderland in regional development and the relevant research. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 105, 1, pp. 1–9 (2000). – The geographic public receives another monothematic issue dedicated this time to the Czech borderland. Specific problems, conditioned by differentiated physical-geographical and mainly social-economic conditions of the given territory, have been studied since the 1930´s. The 1990´s have undoubtedly brought a new impulse to its development connected both with internal processes (democratization of the society, economic transformation, etc.) and external aspects (for instance its exposed position, transitory function, European integration). The running changes have become a challenge for researchers from different geographical work places studying, up to now in a more or less isolated way, only segments of the borderland (for instance those of Ústí nad Labem are interested in the Bohemian-Saxon border). Two similarly aimed projects monitoring the part of the Czech borderland, the importance of co-operation with neighbouring countries and integration of the Czech Republic into European structures have been solved with the backing of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic (1998 – 1999) and the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (1999 – 2000). The authors of the published papers mainly come from the work places involved in these two projects, but also other colleagues, including those from abroad, have been invited to take part. The intention of this volume is to stress the concrete problems or situations in the model borderland regions and to rise up a discussion on the problems of the borderland at present and in the future.

Key words: borderland – border effect – exposed position – transit – regional development – regional policy – Europe – differentiation – integration – Euroregion. JEŘÁBEK Milan, KUCERA Katerina, MÜLLER Bernhard, PŘIKRYL Jan:

Perception of social-economic development in the Czech-Saxon borderland – case study on the local level of the towns of Kraslice and Klingenthal. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 105, 1, pp. 19–33 (2000). – As an example of observation of social-economic development in the borderland as a specific territorial type can be given a study of changes in two neighbouring towns at the Czech-German (Saxon) border, that has been in the last years in the centre of research interest of several institutions. This contribution is one of the outputs of the international project “Borderland as a space of mediation” backed by the German Federal Foundation for Environment in Osnabrück and solved by a work community including universities, research institutions and consulting companies. The findings obtained by inquiring population show the complicated character of the present development (at microregional/local level), ambiguous perception of running processes and a different degree of readiness to co-operation.

Key words: border – borderland – trans-border co-operation – border crossing. KLIMENT Zdeněk:

Balance, regime and geochemistry of suspended sediment of the Blšanka River. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 105, 3, pp. 255–265 (2000). – The article evaluates the results of four-year measurements of suspended sediment in the Holedeč profile at the Blšanka River in the northwest Bohemia. The main attention is paid to the typology of the individual regime situation and to geochemical analysis of suspended sediment particles and active bank sediments.

Key words: Blšanka River – suspended sediment – geochemistry. KOLLÁR Daniel: Slovak commuter migration into Austria – reality versus imaginations. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 105, 1, pp. 41–49 (2000). – The commuter migration from Slovakia into Austria occupies a special position in Europe. The relatively short distance between Bratislava and Vienna encourages a rapid creation of information networks and permits job-seekers to find work in line with their qualification without too much financial outlay. Unlike other groups of migrants, the Slovakian commuters experience almost no dequalification and do not have to take up a marginal position on the labour market. It is remarkable that both the public opinion and the official statistics have failed to register this new development and therefore the realistic figures to fully comprehend it are lacking. The fact that this form of East-West mobility is being accepted without comment as “the new normality” may, perhaps, be attributed to the common bonds of the past. Key words: East-West mobility – commuter migration – labour market – imaginations on the work. NOVOTNÁ Marie:

Evaluation of Agricultural Landuse in the Pošumaví Region. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 105, 1, pp. 34–40 (2000). – This article gives account of the research carried on in the border area of the Klatovy, Prachatice and Český Krumlov districts. This region has specific features the significance of which surpasses its geographical limits. Its location near the state boundary has significantly influenced its economic and social development. Farming and forestry have always played a significant role among the economic activities of the population. Today we witness an enhanced development of the tertiary sector, primarily of the services focussed on tourism. Farming and forestry, however, will remain an indispensable sector due to their landscape formation function. The whole study is based on methods of the geographical information system (GIS). The data from the land registers of the cadastre offices have been used as well.

Key words: agricultural usage – arable land – prices. ONDŘEJ Tomáš: Planation surfaces of the Valašskobystřická vrchovina Highland and of its northern foreland. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 105, 4, pp. 333–346 (2000). – The article deals with planation surfaces of the Valašskobystřická vrchovina Highland and with the development of its relief in the Upper Tertiary. The existence of recent tectonic activity, indicated by height differences in the same planation levels, was proved. Key words: planation surfaces – neotectonics – Neogene development. OUŘEDNÍČEK Martin:

Theory of Stages of Urban Development and Differential Urbanisation. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 105, 4, pp. 361–369 (2000). – Two theories of urban development are described in this article. Both are based on stages of economic development. The article critically compares these theories and tries to figure out theirs common features to describe a single evolutionary model of urban development.

Key words: urbanisation – stages of urban development – differential urbanisation. SIWEK Tadeusz, KAŇOK Jaromír:

Mapping Silesian Identity in Czechia. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 105, 2, pp. 190–200 (2000). – The aim of the article is to investigate the degree of regional identity among the inhabitants of historical Czech land Silesia, to compare it with the available census data and to draw a cognitive map of Czech Silesia, that means mapping how Silesians themselves imagine their region. A general mental map of Silesia was drawn on the basis of individual respondent´s maps. The map shows the core, domain and peripheral areas of the Czech Silesia in minds of its inhabitants. This method was combined with interviews aimed at establishing respondents’ sense of regional identity. The sense of Silesian identity is relatively strong among elderly people. It is quite weak among the young and – surprisingly – among the educated people. As every regionally based sentiment, Silesian identity is confronted with forces of globalisation.

Key words: regional identity – perception – Silesia – Czechia. TOUŠEK Václav, VANČURA Milan, VITURKA Milan:

Geographical Aspects of Industrial Transformation in the Czech Republic. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 105, 2, pp. 155–165 (2000). – The share of industrial production on GNP has been decreasing over the 1990s in the Czech Republic and, in the same time, a branch restructuring took place. The industrial transformation is accompanied by a decline of labour force and an increase of unemployment. Better situation has been observed in the territories with an inflow of foreign capital. The article deals with the significant role of direct foreign investments for the regional development. The analysis of investment localization is linked with the theory of development polarization.

Key words: industry – transformation – foreign investments – development polarization. VAISHAR Antonín, HLAVINKOVÁ Pavlína, KIRCHNER Karel, LACINA Jan:

Long-Term Impacts of the 1997 Floods in the Morava River Basin. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 105, 2, pp. 141–154 (2000). – In 1997 disastrous floods, unparalleled since meteorological and climatic measurements have been carried out, took place in the catchment of the Morava river and other Moravian rivers. The long-term impacts of the above-mentioned flood event on the landscape and society have been examined in four selected model areas with different natural and economic characteristics. Within the natural system, the long-term impacts include changes in riverbeds, landslides and changes in the biota. Within the social system, the most significant adverse impacts include the long-term damage to the psychical health of those affected by the flood. The main causes of the flood damage are connected with the formation of the settlement pattern during the period of industrialisation and urbanisation. The main methods of flood protection include the relocation of structures outside inundated areas, technical control and the adaptation to flood risks.

Key words: natural risks – floods – the Morava river – long-term impacts. VÍTEK Jan:

Forms of phyllonite weathering and denudation in the Hrubý Jeseník Mts. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 105, 3, pp. 266–275 (2000). – Weathering and denudation forms of phyllonite (retrogressively metamorphosed gneiss) in the Hrubý Jeseník Mts. (northern Moravia) are described in this paper. Rock mesoforms (frost-riven cliffs, ridges and tors) are results of cryogenic periglacial processes. Numerous microforms of rock surface (such as rock hollows, tafoni, honeycombs and rock perforations) were formed by selective weathering processes of unequally resting positions of heavy schistose rock.

Key words: Hrubý Jeseník Mts. – phyllonite – cryogenic forms – microforms. VOŽENÍLEK Vít, DEMEK Jaromír:

Modeling of soil erosion hazards as a response of land use changes. – Geografie – Sborník ČGS, 105, 2, pp. 166–176 (2000). – It is generally accepted that land use changes influence fluvial regime, especially generation of surface runoff, water discharge in water courses, and soil erosion. The disturbances in fluvial systems of old cultural landscapes caused by land use changes bring many difficulties in landscape management (floods, accelerated soil erosion, silting of river beds, etc.). The land use structure in the Trkmanka River catchment in the Czech Republic consisted until 1953 of fragmented plots (small patches of land, ribbons) and later has been changed into large fields with agricultural monocultures. The catchment is known for the highest values of soil erosion in the Czech Republic. Testing of common soil erosion models showed that they are not fitted for the catchment. A new model of soil erodibility is proposed in this paper.

Key words: soil erosion – modeling – GIS.